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THE FIELD ARTILLERY JOURNAL systems differ and may be divided into three classes with characteristics as follows: 1—Hydro-pneumatic recuperator systems. 2—Pneumatic recuperator systems. 3—Spring return recuperator systems. With hydro-pneumatic systems there are two fundamental arrangements. (a) The hydraulic brake separate from the hydro-pneumatic recuperator. This requires two or more rods, a brake rod and a recuperator rod, with a brake cylinder and a recuperator cylinder which may have connection or passageway to an air cylinder. The recuperator and part of the air cylinder is filled with oil. The oil may be in direct contact with the air in the air cylinder as in the Schneider matériel or it may be separated from the air by means of a floating piston in the cylinder. (b) The hydraulic brake cylinder connecting directly with the recuperator system. The oil must be throttled between the recoil and recuperator cylinder and thus the oil at lower pressure reacts usually on a floating piston, separating the oil and air in the recuperator cylinder. With pneumatic recoil systems there are usually one or more pneumatic cylinders; the piston compresses the air directly, no oil or other liquid being used for transmitting the pressure. With a spring return system there may be various arrangements: (a) One or more spring cylinders separate from the recoil brake cylinder. (b) With small guns, the spring concentric and around the recoil brake cylinder. Each type has its advantages and disadvantages. The principal advantage of the hydro-pneumatic system is that it is possible to build a mechanism of considerably less weight due to its great compactness and to the capacity range of an air spring. Mechanisms with spring return can be manufactured more quickly, and can be knocked down and reassembled with new parts by field troops. It has been found, however, that the hydro-pneumatic type can be made with such care that it is more reliable than the spring return, is more durable and is smoother in its action. While it is impracticable to disassemble it completely in the field for repair, this repair work itself becomes unnecessary as the mechanisms when properly made may be expected to stand up for some 20,000 rounds on the average without any major difficulty, whereas experience has shown that a spring return mechanism will ordinarily not endure for more than 5000 rounds without replacement of springs and breakages of this kind may occur at very critical moments. 500
RECOIL SYSTEMS OUTLINE OF RECOIL MECHANISM TYPES FOR ARTILLERY I. Recoil Brake Recoil Carriage 1. Separate from Recuperator. (a) Throttling groove type Constant 75-mm. Gun British M. 1917 (b) Throttling bar type Constant 3″ Gun M. 1902 (c) Butterfly valve type Variable 8″ Howitzer (British) M. 1917 (d) Piano roll valve type Variable 75-mm. Gun (U. S.) M. 1916 (e) Throttling rod type Constant 155-mm. Howitzer (Sch.) M. 1918 2. Combined with Recuperator. Variable 155-mm. Gun (Filloux) M. 1918 (a) Constant orifice type Constant 75-mm. Gun (Fr.) MI (b) Spring controlled valve II. Recuperator 1. Separate from Recoil Brake Variable 75-mm. Gun (U. S.) MI (a) Spring not telescopic 3″ Gun M. 1902 (b) Spring telescopic 4.7″ Gun M. 1906 (c) Pneumatic with liquid seal (d) Pneumatic with floating piston 8″ Howitzer (British) Mk. VI and VII (1) Plain piston type 155-mm. Gun (Felloux) M. 1918 (2) Differential piston type 2. Combined with Recoil Brake See under (1, 2) III. Counter Recoil Buffer 9.2″ Howitzer (British) Mk. I and II 1. Spear type 4.7″ Gun 2. Filing in type 3. Combined constant orifice and short spear 75-mm. Gun (U. S.) M. 1916 (a) Spear on floating piston and packing 75-mm. Gun (U. S.) MI friction (b) Spear on piston rod on cylinder head 8″ Howitzer (British) Mk. VI and VII From the above outline the standard types of field artillery matériel will be extracted and their recoil systems examined more in detail. The 75-mm. Gun, Model 1897 M 1 French, is the best answer to the question as to whether hydro-pneumatic recoil systems are efficient. Note its classification in the outline. This mechanism, which is known as the Puteaux recuperator, consists of two cylinders. The smaller one is the recoil cylinder, filled with oil and containing the recoil piston and piston rod. The larger cylinder contains nitrogen in the forward end and oil in the rear end. The nitrogen and oil are separated by a free piston which is packed with grease, thus a grease seal is obtained between the nitrogen and oil. The two cylinders are connected so that the oil passes from one to the other. To the rear of the floating piston there is a diaphragm with a long tapered buffer rod which passes through the regulator hole and whose end projects into the buffer 501
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CONTENTS No. 5 The First Gun on Pin
Page 3 and 4:
THE FIELD ARTILLERY JOURNAL VOL. XV
Page 5 and 6:
GUNS ON THE MOUNTAIN There is a cer
Page 7 and 8:
GUNS ON THE MOUNTAIN Some years bef
Page 9 and 10:
THE COLUMN ON THE CHINA SEA TRAIL C
Page 11 and 12: GUNS ON THE MOUNTAIN The sun was sh
Page 13 and 14: GUNS ON THE MOUNTAIN eternity on th
Page 15 and 16: THE THIRD LADDER WAS EIGHTY FEET HI
Page 17 and 18: GUNS ON THE MOUNTAIN watched them w
Page 19 and 20: GUNS ON THE MOUNTAIN was all that c
Page 21 and 22: A FABLE BY LIEUTENANT J. L. CHAMBER
Page 23 and 24: A FABLE "Now, where are you located
Page 25 and 26: WITH A JAPANESE ARTILLERY REGIMENT
Page 27 and 28: RECRUIT FOOT-DRILL A BATTALION BARR
Page 33 and 34: DRUMBEATS to America as a playmate
Page 35 and 36: DRUMBEATS anchor chain rose out of
Page 37 and 38: USE OF SIGNAL CORPS TRAINING MANUAL
Page 49 and 50: REPLACEMENT OF ANIMALS IN CAMPAIGN
Page 55 and 56: METHODS OF FIRE DIRECTION The batte
Page 57 and 58: METHODS OF FIRE DIRECTION commander
Page 59 and 60: METHODS OF FIRE DIRECTION As the di
Page 61: RECOIL SYSTEMS horsepower, and in t
Page 65 and 66: RECOIL SYSTEMS TROUBLE CHART, 75-MM
Page 67 and 68: RECOIL SYSTEMS When the howitzer is
Page 69 and 70: RECOIL SYSTEMS TROUBLE CHART, 155-M
Page 71 and 72: COMPARISONS, AGAIN BY CAPTAIN GEORG
Page 73 and 74: COMPARISONS AGAIN Here was familiar
Page 75 and 76: COMPARISONS AGAIN conditions as are
Page 77 and 78: COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF SCHOOL (R
Page 79 and 80: COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF SCHOOL th
Page 81 and 82: COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF SCHOOL of
Page 83 and 84: COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF SCHOOL in
Page 85 and 86: COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF SCHOOL pr
Page 87 and 88: FOREIGN MILITARY JOURNALS number of
Page 89 and 90: FOREIGN MILITARY JOURNALS belittle
Page 91 and 92: FOREIGN MILITARY JOURNALS burst ran
Page 93 and 94: FOREIGN MILITARY JOURNALS a flank m
Page 95 and 96: FOREIGN MILITARY JOURNALS Unfixed a
Page 97 and 98: FOREIGN MILITARY JOURNALS between t
Page 99 and 100: FOREIGN MILITARY JOURNALS of an "In
Page 101 and 102: CURRENT FIELD ARTILLERY NOTES Objec
Page 103 and 104: CAPTAIN WILLIAM H. COLBERN, 82ND F.
Page 105 and 106: CURRENT FIELD ARTILLERY NOTES assig
Page 107 and 108: CURRENT FIELD ARTILLERY NOTES to hi
Page 109 and 110: CURRENT FIELD ARTILLERY NOTES "Thre
Page 111 and 112: CURRENT FIELD ARTILLERY NOTES shown
Page 113 and 114:
CURRENT FIELD ARTILLERY NOTES Ponie
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RATION CART TWO-AXLE LOAD PROPOSED
Page 117 and 118:
CURRENT FIELD ARTILLERY NOTES The B
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september - october - Fort Sill

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