Briathrachas Gràmair

2. Na Ceithir Tuisealan (the four cases)
Eisimpleirean singilte:
Coimhead air an t-seantans seo:
Copyright R. MacLean
Chuir an gille ball a bhràthar fon chraoibh, a mhamaidh.
Tha còig ainmearan ann, a’ riochdachadh nan ceithir tuisealan ann an Gàidhlig (there are 5
nouns, representing the four cases in Gaelic):
1. Ainmneach (Nominative/Nominal): gille + ball
2. Tabhartach/Roimhearach (Dative/Prepositional): Bidh ainmearan a’ dol don tuiseal
seo às dèidh roimhear sìmplidh (nouns go in this case following a simple preposition)
me air, le, ri, fo. Craobh.
3. Ginideach/Seilbheach (Genitive/Possessive): Bidh ainmearan a’ dol don tuiseal
ghinideach airson [a] sealbh a shealltainn (’s ann leis a’ bhràthair a tha am ball), [b] às
dèidh roimhear fillte (roimhear le barrachd air aon eileamaid me airson), [c] uaireannan
às dèidh ainmear gnìomhaireach
nouns go in the genitive case to [a] show ownership (the ball belongs to the brother),
[b] following a compound preposition (a preposition with more than one element, eg
airson), [c] sometimes following a verbal noun. Bràthair.
4. Gairmeach (Vocative): Thèid ainmear don tuiseal seo ma tha cuideigin a’ bruidhinn ris
is ga ainmeachadh me “thig a-steach a Dhòmhnaill.”
A noun goes in this case if somebody is addressing it and naming it eg “thig a-steach a
Dhòmhnaill.” Mamaidh.
Ainmich na h-ainmearan anns na seantansan a leanas. Dè an tuiseal anns a bheil gach
fear? (Identify each noun in the following sentences. What case is each in?)
a. Trobhad, a Mhàiri.
b. Chunnaic am poileas am mèirleach anns an togalach.
c. Chan fhaca am poileas aodann a’ mhèirlich.
d. Greas ort mus bàsaich thu, ’ille.
e. Bha airgead anns an sporan aige.
f. Tapadh leat airson a’ bhainne.