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20 Exchanging research results obtained in each others’ respective country: Lic.phil. Bettina Frei from Switzerland is carrying out research in Cameroon, and doctoral candidate Primus Tazanu from Cameroon is studying his compatriots in Switzerland. Based on a total of four case studies connected by the same research perspectives, a team of five researchers is investigating the complex interplay between culture and the – new – media. The team comprises researchers from the universities of Basel and Freiburg, the Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria, the Université de Yaoundé in Cameroon, and the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. Each of the case studies deals with the medial shift from direct to indirect “technologized” forms of communication and negotiation. In South Africa the focus is on the development from live performance to radio, CD and production for television, in Cameroon from stage performance to cinema and television, in Nigeria from live music to medial carriers. Last not least, three researchers from Cameroon, Germany and Switzerland are examining the shift from face-to-face communication to electronic interaction on the part of migrants. “Because new communication media are so fast and cheap it has become possible for migrants to keep in close touch with everyday life in their homeland far away, changing the face of migration”, Till Förster elucidates. Emigration no longer entails being cut off from one’s native culture. “Via electronic media the Africans living here in Upper Rhine are able to take part in two everyday lives.” Text messaging, e-mails and digital photos link up lifeworlds regardless of time zones. The central question is whether and to what extent these new forms of communication actually replace physical contacts. “We are working on the hypothesis that these two essentially different everyday worlds subsequently merge into a new social space that creates a substitute for the old ‘transnational’ identity”, says Förster. It is not solely the media playing a role here, but also the location where the media is used. “In Cameroon the Internet is far more visible than in Europe”, explains Professor Bole Butake from Université de Yaoundé. “Not so many people have their own Internet connection, which
is why Internet cafés are frequented much more often.” That impacts on the whole media culture, creating quite another kind of communication. “The users converse with one another, informal knowledge is disseminated, including knowledge of how to interpret encrypted messages – referring to petty-criminal partner search on the Internet, for instance.” Elaborate signs or communication systems come into being, like the cell-phone “ringing-tone language” that conveys a simple message to the listener when the phone rings one, two, or more times. The new media create lifeworlds that are constantly inventing themselves anew, holding ready cultural concepts. The view of mediatization being a result of how media interacts also sensually with human action is one of the many strengths of this research project. Another is the shrewd research setting co-developed by Freiburg Professor Judith Schlehe that enables a multilayered approach to the migrants’ complex processes of communication. For instance, PhD student Primus Tazanu is responsible for the field research among his compatriots in the Basel region, whereas the Swiss PhD student Bettina Frei is researching among the family members, friends and acquaintances they are in contact with in Cameroon. In a second stage of the project the “transformation of subjectivity” is examined, and hence the question where the people in medial contact between Basel and Cameroon feel most at home. “Migrants from Cameroon who return to their country of origin are often accused of no longer thinking like a Cameroon ian”, Förster states. Relatives and friends, for instance, expect homecomers to return with gifts, although they cannot afford to do so. Then, it is just as difficult for the homecomers to communicate why they were not able to bring presents back with them, as the media picture of wealthy Europe – portrayed on African television, for example by the crime television series “Derrick” – is too vivid in the Cameroon people’s minds. As a consequence, the “uprooted” migrants seek new spaces of understanding, shaped between Mainasara Kurfi, M. A., from Kano, Nigeria, speaking on the topic of his doctoral dissertation “South to South: Transnational Flow, Mediation and Glocalization of Literary Materials in Northern Nigeria” during a workshop held within the context of the project “Passages of Culture”. Crossing Borders 2010 21
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