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THREE LETTERS TO FRIE<strong>ND</strong>S OF PEACE 109<br />

worst enemies of civilization. There is a kind of <strong>com</strong>pliance<br />

which is a crime against humanity, though it passes for political<br />

wisdom.<br />

We cannot despair of humanity, since we are ourselves human<br />

beings. And it is a <strong>com</strong>fort that there still exist individuals<br />

like <strong>you</strong>rself, whom one knows <strong>to</strong> be alive and undismayed.<br />

II.<br />

To be quite frank, a declaration like the one before me in a<br />

country which submits <strong>to</strong> conscription in peace-times seems <strong>to</strong><br />

me worthless. What <strong>you</strong> must fight for is liberation from universal<br />

military service. Verily, the French nation has had <strong>to</strong> pay<br />

heavily for the vic<strong>to</strong>ry of 1918; for that vic<strong>to</strong>ry has been largely<br />

responsible for holding it down in the most degrading of all<br />

form. of slavery.<br />

Let <strong>you</strong>r efforts in this .truggle be unceasing. You have a<br />

mighty ally in the German reactionaries and militarists. If<br />

France clings <strong>to</strong> universal military service, it will be impossible<br />

in the long run <strong>to</strong> prevent its introduction in<strong>to</strong> Germany. For<br />

the demand of the Germans for equal rights will succeed in the<br />

end; and then there will be two German military slaves <strong>to</strong> every<br />

French one, which would certainly not be in the interests of<br />

France.<br />

Only if we succeed in abolishing <strong>com</strong>pulsory service al<strong>to</strong>gether<br />

will it be possible <strong>to</strong> educate the <strong>you</strong>th in the spirit of<br />

reconciliation, joy in life, and love <strong>to</strong>ward all living creatures.<br />

I believe that a refusal on conscientious grounds <strong>to</strong> serve in<br />

the army when called up, if carried out by 50,000 men at the<br />

same moment, would be irresistible. The individual can ac<strong>com</strong>plish<br />

little here, nor can one wish <strong>to</strong> see the best among us<br />

devoted <strong>to</strong> destruction at tl,e hands of tl,e machinery behind<br />

whim stand three great powers: stupidity, fear, and greed.<br />

III.<br />

The point with which <strong>you</strong> deal in <strong>you</strong>r letter is one of prime<br />

importance. The armament industry is indeed one of the

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