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92 ON POLITICS, GOVERNMENT, A<strong>ND</strong> PACIFISM<br />

(2) Control of the amount of money in circulation and of the<br />

volume of credit in such a way as <strong>to</strong> keep the price level steady,<br />

abolishing any monetary standard.<br />

(3) Statu<strong>to</strong>ry limitation of prices for such articles as have<br />

been practically withdrawn from free <strong>com</strong>petition by monopo­<br />

Ees or the formation of cartels.<br />

PRODUCTION A<strong>ND</strong> WORK<br />

Answer <strong>to</strong> a <strong>com</strong>munication. Published in Mein Weltbild,<br />

A ms!erdam: Querido Verlng, 1934.<br />

The fundamental trouble seems <strong>to</strong> me <strong>to</strong> be the almost unlimited<br />

freedom of the labor market <strong>com</strong>bined with extraordinary<br />

progress in the methods of production. To satisfy the needs of<br />

the world <strong>to</strong>day nothing like all the available labor is wanted.<br />

The result is unemployment and unhealthy <strong>com</strong>petition among<br />

the workers, both of which reduce purchasing-power and<br />

thereby put the whole economic system in<strong>to</strong>lerably out of gear.<br />

I know Liberal economists maintain that every economy in<br />

labor is counterbalanced by an increase in demand. But, <strong>to</strong> begin<br />

with, I don't believe that; and even if it were true, the abovementioned<br />

fac<strong>to</strong>rs would always operate <strong>to</strong> force the standard<br />

of living of a large portion of the human race down <strong>to</strong> an unnaturally<br />

low level.<br />

I also share <strong>you</strong>r conviction that steps absolutely must be<br />

taken <strong>to</strong> make it possible and necessary for the <strong>you</strong>nger people<br />

<strong>to</strong> take part in the productive process. Further, that the older<br />

people ought <strong>to</strong> be excluded from certain sorts of work (which<br />

I call "unqualified" work), receiving instead a certain in<strong>com</strong>e,<br />

as having by that time done enough work of a kind accepted by<br />

society as productive.<br />

I, <strong>to</strong>o, am in favor of abolishing large cities, but not of settling<br />

people of a particular type, e.g., old people, in particular <strong>to</strong>wns.<br />

Frankly, the idea strikes me as horrible.<br />

I am also of the opinion that fluctuations in the value of<br />

money must be avoided, by substituting for the gold standard.

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