Grammatica - loco

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The military ranks generaal, kolonel, korporaal and luitenant also take
-s (all these words take the stress on the final syllable).
7.2.2
7.2.2.1
-en Plurals (i.e. -n or -en)
When the -en suffix is added to nouns to form the plural, the
following spelling changes apply
(a) Nouns with aa, ee, oo or uu drop one vowel in the open syllable
produced by the suffixing of -en:
maan ‘moon’ – manen, peer ‘pear’ – peren, brood ‘bread’ –
broden, muur ‘wall’ – muren.
(b) Nouns containing a long vowel or diphthong ending in -s change
this s to z (i.e. voicing of s in intervocalic position):
Canadees ‘Canadian’ – Canadezen, Chinees ‘Chinese’ –
Chinezen, 8 huis ‘house’ – huizen, kies ‘molar’ – kiezen, prijs ‘price,
prize’ – prijzen, reis ‘journey’ – reizen, roos ‘rose’ – rozen
Exceptions: eis ‘demand’ – eisen, kous ‘stocking’ – kousen, kruis
‘cross’ – kruisen or kruizen, paus ‘Pope’ – pausen, Pruis ‘Prussian’ –
Pruisen, saus ‘sauce’ – sausen or sauzen, zeis ‘scythe’ – zeisen
(c) Nouns ending in -ms, -ns and -rs change s to z:
gems ‘chamois’ – gemzen, gans ‘goose’ – ganzen, grens ‘border’ –
grenzen, lens ‘lens’ – lenzen, vers ‘poem, stanza’ – verzen
Exceptions: dans ‘dance’ – dansen, kikvors ‘frog’ – kikvorsen, koers
‘rate, course’ – koersen, krans ‘wreath’ – kransen, lans ‘lance’ –
lansen, mars ‘march’ – marsen, mens ‘person’ – mensen, pers ‘press’
– persen, prins ‘prince’ – prinsen, tendens ‘tendency’ – tendensen,
wals ‘waltz’ – walsen, wens ‘wish’ – wensen
(d) Nouns with long vowels or diphthongs ending in -f change this f to
v (i.e. voicing of f in intervocalic position):
brief ‘letter’ – brieven, graaf ‘count’ – graven, kloof ‘gap’ – kloven,
neef ‘nephew, male cousin’ – neven
8 Note that where such nouns ending in -ees also exist as adjectives of nationality, in
the adjective the -s ending is preserved as an s when an adjectival ending is added to it
despite the fact that it stands in an intervocalic position, e.g. Canadese zalm ‘Canadian
salmon’, de Chinese hoofdstad ‘the Chinese capital’ (see 9.1.3 (c)).
Plural of
nouns
47