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Report No 678-F-001 METSI CONSULTANTS: SUMMARY OF MAIN FINDINGS FOR PHASE 1 DEVELOPMENT MOHALE DAM Mohale's Hoek Senqu 6 Quthing KATSE DAM 7 Senqunyane 8 Lesobeng Malibamatso 2 Thaba Tseka 5 MASOKU WEIR 1 Senqu 3 4 Matsoku Qacha's Nek LEVEL OF IMPACT: NOT ASSESSED: Negligible: Low: Moderate: Severe: Critically severe: Position of IFR Site North 0 20 40 Kilometres Figure 7.1 Broad summary of the likely severity of the biophysical impacts downstream of the LHWP Phase 1 dams under the Design Limitation Scenario. 7.3. SOCIAL IMPACTS The social impacts associated with the Design Limitation Scenario can be summarised as generally moderate, except for Reaches 4, 5 and 6, far away from the dams, where they are low. In simple terms this means that although there would be a reduction in the river resources used by the PAR, this reduction would tend to be less than 50% for most of the resources used. The notable exceptions to this are fish populations, which are expected to decline dramatically in the reaches immediately downstream of the dams. There are, however, concerns that, if the resources that are lost are not compensated for, then the potential for extensive over-utilisation of the remaining resources would be great, thus leading to their eventual decrease below harvestable levels. For public health, risk for diarrhoeal diseases is expected to remain moderate along all reaches, except 1, 2 and 3, where it is predicted to become severe. The nutritional risk remains at baseline level throughout, as is the case for other pathologies, except for a slight increase in the risk of schistosomiasis in reaches close to the dams. It is likely that the rivers would not present any more of a health risk than they do at present for much of the time, but there would be occasions when they represent a serious health risk along Reaches 1, 2 and 3. It is difficult to predict the frequency of these occasions, other than to say that they would be more often than at present, but probably less often than under the Treaty Scenario. An example could be in summer when temperatures are high, runoff from rainfall also high (faeces are flushed off the surrounding areas into rivers during times of rain) but the flow in the rivers is considerably lower than natural, and thus the dilution would be lower. Such water would have a higher than present level of faecal contaminants and parasites such as Giardia, with a concomitant increased health risk for those drinking or bathing in the water. As with the Treaty Scenario, the increase in the incidence of livestock diseases and/or injuries under the Design Limitation Scenario remains low. However, a moderate increase in nuisance species such as Simulium nigritarse, a pest of poultry, is predicted. 40
7.4. ECONOMIC IMPACTS Report No 678-F-001 METSI CONSULTANTS: SUMMARY OF MAIN FINDINGS FOR PHASE 1 DEVELOPMENT The annual resource losses for the predicted reduction in riverine resources and the costs of mitigation of healthrelated impacts are shown in Table 7.3. 7.5. WATER YIELD Table 7.3 Annual social losses and costs associated with the Design Limitation Scenario. Monetary Value Cost Type Component (Maloti) Resource losses* 1 Mitigation Costs* 3 Fish* 2 1,223,630 Forage 52,617 Medicinal plants 73,442 Wild vegetables 497,030 Trees & shrubs 3,681,018 Sub-Total 5,527,737 Public health 117,584 Animal health 59,340 Sub-Total 176,924 Total 5,704,661 * 1 Based on local trade values * 2 Total loss assumed for Reach 1 (Matsoku), proportional losses for other reaches * 3 Costs of avoiding health impacts The system yield (using an annual reliability of 98%) associated with the Design Limitation Scenario is estimated to be 22.8 m 3 s -1 . 41
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Kingdom of Lesotho Lesotho Highland
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