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Report No 678-F-001 METSI CONSULTANTS: SUMMARY OF MAIN FINDINGS FOR PHASE 1 DEVELOPMENT Table 8.3 Annual social losses and costs associated with the Fourth Scenario. Cost Type Component Resource losses* 1 Mitigation Costs* 3 Monetary Value (Maloti) Fish* 2 1,538,977 Forage 78,438 Medicinal plants 76,994 Wild vegetables 537,254 Trees & shrubs 3,876,534 Sub-Totals 6,108,197 Public health 229,695 Animal health 73,731 Sub-Totals 303,426 Totals 6,411,623 * 1 Based on local trade values * 2 Total loss of resource use assumed for Reach 1 (Matsoku), proportional losses for other reaches * 3 Costs of avoiding health impacts 46
Report No 678-F-001 METSI CONSULTANTS: SUMMARY OF MAIN FINDINGS FOR PHASE 1 DEVELOPMENT SECTION 9. WATER DEMAND AND SUPPLY The details of this component of the study are presented in the Water Demand and Supply Report No 648-F-11. 9.1. INTRODUCTION 9.1.1 Objective of the Water Demand and Supply Study The objective of this study was to assess the water needs of communities downstream of LHWP dams and the extent of their dependence on the study rivers in order to ascertain the volume of water that should be released from the dams to meet these needs. It was agreed with the LHDA that the volume of water required to meet the needs of the communities would be in addition to the volume of water required to meet the needs of the downstream aquatic environment (i.e., IFR releases). 9.1.2 Methods Used Most of the data were available from previous water-resource studies in Lesotho (see Report No. 648-F-11), or were collected as part of other components of this study (e.g., Sociological Report No. 648-F-08). Estimates of water demand, regional population growth, changing needs and habits related to water consumption, and dependency of rural people and their domestic animals on the study rivers were all considered. Estimates were made of overall domestic demand at the present time and forecast for the future. System losses in the waterconveyance system were based on recommendations of GoL water supply studies. 9.2. WATER DEMAND AND SUPPLY The total water demand for the study area, without taking cognisance from where the water is obtained, is provided in Table 9.1. The outcome of the assessment of dependence on the study rivers is as follows. On average, 80% of the households within the 5 km river corridor on either side of the river obtain their domestic water from taps or springs. Two percent of the households use the study rivers as their main source of water all year round. Five percent of households use the river as a main water-supply source during the dry season. Eleven percent of households use the river as a main water-supply source during periods of drought. Thirty-two percent of livestock are watered at the study rivers in the dry season. Sixty-two percent of livestock are watered at the study rivers during periods of drought. 47
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