Rickettsiales and rickettsial diseases in Australia - Murdoch ...

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IFA – Immunofluorescent assay kDa – Kilodalton NCBI – National Centre for Biotechnology Information NSW – New South Wales NTC – No template control OPNP – Organ Pipes National Park PBMC – Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells PBS – Phosphate buffered saline PCR – Polymerase chain reaction QLD – Queensland qPCR – Real-time PCR QTT – Queensland tick typhus RBC – Red blood cell RNA – Ribonucleic acid rompA – Rickettsial outer membrane protein A gene rompB – Rickettsial outer membrane protein B gene RPM – Revolutions per minute rRNA – Ribosomal RNA. rrs – 16S ribosomal RNA gene xxi
sca4 – The rickettsial gene D / PS–120 gene SDS – Sodium dodecyl sulphate SFG – Spotted fever group TAE – Tris-acetate-EDTA TG – Typhus group Tm – Melting temperature TRG – Transitional group xxii
Page 1 and 2: Rickettsiales and rickettsial disea
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Currently, there are 12 kn
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Rickettsiales and
Page 7 and 8: 2.2. Cell Culture .................
Page 9 and 10: 6.5. Results ......................
Page 11 and 12: List of Figures Figure 1. Phylogene
Page 13 and 14: software. Bootstrap values are indi
Page 15 and 16: Acknowledgements I would first like
Page 17 and 18: Preface The work in this thesis is
Page 19 and 20: Izzard L, Fuller A, Blacksell S, Pa
Page 21: Abbreviations AG - Ancestral group
Page 25 and 26: In 1989, Coxiella burnetii was remo
Page 27 and 28: 1.2. Taxonomy and Pathogenicity of
Page 29 and 30: Amblyomma 13, 31, 232 , Rhipicephal
Page 31 and 32: inflammation around the brain and f
Page 33 and 34: eplaced by transport systems in Ric
Page 35 and 36: Table 2. Current list of validated
Page 37 and 38: Anaplasmataceae 136, 179, 181 . The
Page 39 and 40: 1.5.4.3. Molecular speciation Initi
Page 41 and 42: 1.6. Geographic distribution of the
Page 43 and 44: The brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus s
Page 45 and 46: marmionii) was detected in Victoria
Page 47 and 48: of material and of rodent populatio
Page 49 and 50: third article was published that co
Page 51 and 52: positive for SFG rickettsia, wherea
Page 53 and 54: 1.7.4. Orientia 1.7.4.1. Scrub typh
Page 55 and 56: eported the presence of L. deliense
Page 57 and 58: Chapter 2. Materials and Methods 2.
Page 59 and 60: All cell lines except XTC-2 were gr
Page 61 and 62: system that took into consideration
Page 63 and 64: depending on the specific condition
Page 65 and 66: Australia). A 100 bp DNA ladder (In
Page 67 and 68: Table 3 continued. Reference Anneal
Page 69 and 70: method within the PHYLIP software p
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 3. A serological prevalence
Page 73 and 74:
The study was focused around Launce
Page 75 and 76:
Overall, 53% of the dogs and 63% of
Page 77 and 78:
off. There was however no statistic
Page 79 and 80:
from these animals could also be us
Page 81 and 82:
4.2. Introduction Currently in Aust
Page 83 and 84:
Figure 3. Map of Tasmania, Australi
Page 85 and 86:
Figure 4. Phylogenetic tree showing
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East (more than 10,000 kilometres n
Page 89 and 90:
Worldwide, the presence of SFG rick
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
ather than a new species. Both the
Page 99 and 100:
named the “ELB agent” after the
Page 101 and 102:
She was appropriately immunised, wi
Page 103 and 104:
igors and had been admitted to anot
Page 105 and 106:
Animal inoculation was also attempt
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 10. A condensed phylogenetic
Page 109 and 110:
cats to R. felis positive fleas res
Page 111 and 112:
This new isolate appears to be the
Page 113 and 114:
7.3. Clinical case history A 52-yea
Page 115 and 116:
CRP was elevated. Liver function te
Page 117 and 118:
egions. The specific primers that t
Page 119 and 120:
7.5.2. Culture The Vero cell cultur
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 14. Phylogenetic trees showi
Page 123 and 124:
When tested with O. tsutsugamushi s
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specify that a 16S rRNA sequence di
Page 127 and 128:
Chapter 8. Anaplasma platys in Aust
Page 129 and 130:
8.3. Methods 8.3.1. Probe Design Al
Page 131 and 132:
above. The assay was able to detect
Page 133 and 134:
RNA gene of A. platys was published
Page 135 and 136:
Chapter 9. Concluding Remarks Littl
Page 137 and 138:
which has been tentatively named Ri
Page 139 and 140:
A new species of Orientia was isola
Page 141 and 142:
Appendices Appendix 1: Mathematical
Page 143 and 144:
8. Andrew R, 1994. Queensland tick
Page 145 and 146:
immunogenicity and transmissibility
Page 147 and 148:
36. Brumpt E, 1932. Longevite de vi
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52. Currie B, O'Connor L, Rhodes F,
Page 151 and 152:
subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia ph
Page 153 and 154:
82. Fournier PE, Roux V, Raoult D,
Page 155 and 156:
99. Grove DI, 1988. African tick ty
Page 157 and 158:
118. Ishikura M, Ando S, Shinagawa
Page 159 and 160:
131. Kelly PJ, Beati L, Mason PR, M
Page 161 and 162:
147. Marquez FJ, Muniain MA, Perez
Page 163 and 164:
162. Neilson GH, 1955. A case of Qu
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177. Paddock CD, Sumner JW, Comer J
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191. Pinn TG, Sowden D, 1998. Queen
Page 169 and 170:
207. Renesto P, Ogata H, Audic S, C
Page 171 and 172:
225. Seong SY, Choi MS, Kim IS, 200
Page 173 and 174:
242. Stewart RS, 1991. Flinders Isl
Page 175 and 176:
258. Unsworth NB, Stenos J, Faa AG,
Page 177 and 178:
273. Watts MR, Benn RA, Hudson BJ,
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