Final Risk Analysis - Biosecurity New Zealand

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ORGANISM encephalopathy (BSE) infective agent OIE LIST ZOONOTIC NEW ZEALAND STATUS NOTES BACTERIA INCLUDING MOLLICUTES Actinobacillus ligniersi No No Endemic Arcanobacter pyogenes No No Endemic Bacillus anthracis Yes Yes Exotic Brucella abortus Yes No Exotic Burkholderia pseudomallei No Yes Exotic Campylobacter fetus Yes No Endemic Subsp venerealis and fetus Campylobacter jejuni No Yes Endemic Clostridium spp. No No Endemic Corynebacterium renale No No Endemic Dermatophilus congolensis Yes Yes Endemic Escherichia coli No Yes Endemic Plasmid and virulence types Footrot associated organisms No No Endemic Various species Haemophilus somni(Haemophilus somnu, Histophilus somni) No No Endemic Klebsiella spp. No No Endemic Listeria monocytogenes No Yes Endemic Moraxella bovis No No Endemic Mycobacterium bovis Yes Yes Endemic/ eradication programme Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium Yes Yes Endemic Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis Yes No? Endemic Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides SC Yes No Exotic Mollicutes various No No Some endemic species Nocardia spp. No No Endemic Pasteurella multocida B and E Yes No Exotic Pasteurella multocida other than B and E No No Endemic Pasteurella (Mannheimia) haemolytica No No Endemic Salmonella spp. No Yes Some serotypes exotic Staphylococcus spp. No Variable Endemic 6 ● Import Risk Analysis: Catlle from Australia, Canada, the EU & the USA MAF Biosecurity New Zealand
ORGANISM OIE LIST ZOONOTIC NEW ZEALAND STATUS NOTES Streptococcus spp. No Variable Endemic Yersinia spp. No Yes Endemic SPIROCHAETES Leptospira spp. Yes Yes 6 serovars are endemic (Midwinter 1999) Borrelia burgdorferi No Yes Exotic Borrelia theileri No No Exotic PROTOZOA Babesia spp. Yes No Exotic Besnoitia besnoiti No No Exotic Cryptosporidium parvum No Yes Endemic Eimeria spp. No No Endemic Neospora caninum No No Endemic Sarcocystis hirsuta. S. No S hominis S hominis exotic cruzi and S. hominis zoonotic Theileria parva Yes No Exotic. Theileria annulata Yes No Exotic Theileria spp. (nonpathogenic) No No Endemic Trichomonas foetus No No Endemic Trypanosoma evansi No No Exotic Trypanosoma spp. (tsetse fly-borne) Yes No Exotic RICKETTSIAS AND CHLAMYDIAS Anaplasma marginale, A. centrale, A. caudatum Yes No Exotic Anaplasma phagocytophilium No Yes Exotic Chlamydophila abortus Yes Yes Exotic Coxiella burnetii Yes Yes Exotic Ehrlichia ruminantium Yes No Exotic Eperythrozoon spp. No No Endemic Haemobartonella bovis PARASITES No No Unknown Ticks No Some spp. Mainly exotic Screwworm No Yes Exotic Lice (cattle species ) No No Some exotic Mites No Some spp. Some exotic Warbles No No Exotic Internal parasites No No Some exotic Over 200 serovars Note: Organisms classified as endemic in New Zealand for which no reference is given are commonly identified and reported in the quarterly reports of diagnostic laboratories that are published in the MAF publication Surveillance. For less commonly diagnosed endemic organisms a reference is given to substantiate the classification. MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Import Risk Analysis: Cattle from Australia, Canada, the EU & the USA ● 7
Page 1 and 2: Import Risk Analysis: Cattle from A
Page 3 and 4: MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Pastora
Page 5 and 6: Contents Executive Summary 1 1. Int
Page 7: Contributors to this risk analysis
Page 10 and 11: 1. Introduction This risk analysis
Page 12 and 13: 4.1. PRELIMINARY HAZARD LIST The fi
Page 16 and 17: Palyam viruses have been listed as
Page 18 and 19: Animal disease agents • All disea
Page 20 and 21: assessment concludes that the likel
Page 22 and 23: References Durham PJK, Stevenson BJ
Page 24 and 25: (Cybinski and St George 1978; Cybin
Page 26 and 27: 6. Aujeszky’s Disease 6.1. HAZARD
Page 28 and 29: 7. Bluetongue 7.1. HAZARD IDENTIFIC
Page 30 and 31: cattle (either those infected befor
Page 32 and 33: The route of infection for Borna di
Page 34 and 35: antibody production (Muller-Doblies
Page 36 and 37: Teplitsky V, Pitlik S, Richt JA, He
Page 38 and 39: 9.1.5. Hazard identification conclu
Page 40 and 41: 10. Bovine Herpes Viruses 10.1. HAZ
Page 42 and 43: Tisdall and Rowe 2001). No signific
Page 44 and 45: Schlafer DH, Gillespie JH, Foote RH
Page 46 and 47: References References marked * have
Page 48 and 49: References References marked * have
Page 50 and 51: was suggested that 7% of foetal dea
Page 52 and 53: An ELISA could be used for antibody
Page 54 and 55: 14. Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Feve
Page 56 and 57: 14.2.4. Risk estimation Since entry
Page 58 and 59: 15. Bovine Ephemeral Fever 15.1. HA
Page 60 and 61: References Murray MD (1997). Possib
Page 62 and 63: 16.2. RISK ASSESSMENT 16.2.1. Entry
Page 64 and 65:
References References marked * have
Page 66 and 67:
Kunjin virus is generally confined
Page 68 and 69:
Russell RC (1995). Arboviruses and
Page 70 and 71:
and could have severe effects in a
Page 72 and 73:
19. Rabies 19.1. HAZARD IDENTIFICAT
Page 74 and 75:
If the disease were to become estab
Page 76 and 77:
20. Ross River and Barmah Forest Vi
Page 78 and 79:
21. Tick Borne Encephalitis 21.1. H
Page 80 and 81:
21.2.4. Risk estimation Since entry
Page 82 and 83:
22. Vesicular Stomatitis 22.1. HAZA
Page 84 and 85:
countries. As many facts relating t
Page 86 and 87:
Mare cj, mead dg (2004). Vesicular
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
disease (vCJD). Up to the 4 th of N
Page 92 and 93:
• Consistent with Article 2.3.13.
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25. Anthrax 25.1. HAZARD IDENTIFICA
Page 96 and 97:
25.3. RISK MANAGEMENT 25.3.1. Optio
Page 98 and 99:
26.1.5. Hazard identification concl
Page 100 and 101:
http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/MCode
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Wood PR, Corner LA, Rothel JS, Bald
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
ole they play as pathogens is uncer
Page 110 and 111:
29.2. RISK ASSESSMENT 29.2.1. Entry
Page 112 and 113:
Ayling RD, Bashiruddin SE, Nicholas
Page 114 and 115:
Mackie DP, Finlay D, Brice N, Ball
Page 116 and 117:
haemagglutination test are seldom u
Page 118 and 119:
OIE (2006). Haemorrhagic septicaemi
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Salmonella typhimurium is endemic i
Page 122 and 123:
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32. Leptospirosis 32.1. HAZARD IDEN
Page 126 and 127:
humans have not occurred despite th
Page 128 and 129:
33. Lyme Disease 33.1. HAZARD IDENT
Page 130 and 131:
Burgess EC, Gendron-Fitzpatrick A,
Page 132 and 133:
34. Spirochaetosis (Borrelia theile
Page 134 and 135:
Young calves from both infected and
Page 136 and 137:
OIE (2006). Bovine anaplasmosis. Ch
Page 138 and 139:
phagocytophilia, phagocytophilum, a
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
organism in semen (Teankum et al 20
Page 144 and 145:
Dagnall GJ, Wilsmore AJ (1990). A s
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Rousset E, Russo P, Pepin M, Aubert
Page 150 and 151:
40. Babesiosis 40.1. HAZARD IDENTIF
Page 152 and 153:
consequent mortalities and the nece
Page 154 and 155:
41. Sarcocystosis 41.1. HAZARD IDEN
Page 156 and 157:
42. Theileriosis (Theileria annulat
Page 158 and 159:
• Cattle could be imported from c
Page 160 and 161:
suitable to eradicate lice provided
Page 162 and 163:
44. Mange Mites 44.1. HAZARD IDENTI
Page 164 and 165:
One or a combination of the followi
Page 166 and 167:
Hard ticks (Ixodidae) have a life c
Page 168 and 169:
tick could re-infest the same host
Page 170 and 171:
46. Warble Fly 46.1. HAZARD IDENTIF
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
granulosis could occur in cattle. E
Page 176 and 177:
Cattle to be imported into New Zeal
Page 178 and 179:
48. Weed Seeds 48.1. HAZARD IDENTIF
Page 180:
in the digestive tracts of herbivor
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