Final Risk Analysis - Biosecurity New Zealand

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26. Brucellosis 89 27. Bovine Tuberculosis 93 28. Melioidosis 97 29. Mollicutes Infections 99 30. Haemorrhagic Septicaemia 107 31. Salmonellosis 111 32. Leptospirosis 116 33. Lyme Disease 120 34. Spirochaetosis (Borrelia theileri) 124 35. Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma centrale and Anaplasma caudatum) 125 36. Family Anaplasmataceae Infections (Ehrlichiosis/ Anaplasmosis ) 129 37. Chlamydiosis (Chlamydophila abortus and Chlamydophila pecorum) 133 38. Q Fever 137 39. Haemobartonellosis 141 40. Babesiosis 142 41. Sarcocystosis 146 42. Theileriosis (Theileria annulata) 148 43. Lice 151 44. Mange Mites 154 45. Ticks 157 46. Warble Fly 162 47. Internal Parasites 165 48. Weed Seeds 170 ii
Contributors to this risk analysis 1. Primary Authors Bob Worthington Contractor to Biosecurity New Zealand Stephen Cobb Senior Adviser, Risk Analysis (Animal Kingdom) 2. Internal Peer Review Stuart MacDiarmid Principal International Adviser, Risk Analysis Howard Pharo Team Manager, Risk Analysis (Animal Kingdom) Lincoln Broad Senior Adviser, Risk Analysis (Animal Kingdom) José Derraik Senior Adviser, Pre-clearance risk analysis (Human Health) Sandy Toy Senior Adviser, Risk Analysis (Animal Kingdom) Gillian Mylrea Team Manager, Import health standards (Animals) Leone Basher Senior Adviser, Import health standards (Animals) Joanne Thompson Contractor, Import health standards (Animals) 3. External Scientific Review Geoff Ryan Tim Parkinson Professor, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences iii Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington Ruminant Section Manager Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry – Australia Massey University, New Zealand
Page 1 and 2: Import Risk Analysis: Cattle from A
Page 3 and 4: MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Pastora
Page 5: Contents Executive Summary 1 1. Int
Page 10 and 11: 1. Introduction This risk analysis
Page 12 and 13: 4.1. PRELIMINARY HAZARD LIST The fi
Page 14 and 15: ORGANISM encephalopathy (BSE) infec
Page 16 and 17: Palyam viruses have been listed as
Page 18 and 19: Animal disease agents • All disea
Page 20 and 21: assessment concludes that the likel
Page 22 and 23: References Durham PJK, Stevenson BJ
Page 24 and 25: (Cybinski and St George 1978; Cybin
Page 26 and 27: 6. Aujeszky’s Disease 6.1. HAZARD
Page 28 and 29: 7. Bluetongue 7.1. HAZARD IDENTIFIC
Page 30 and 31: cattle (either those infected befor
Page 32 and 33: The route of infection for Borna di
Page 34 and 35: antibody production (Muller-Doblies
Page 36 and 37: Teplitsky V, Pitlik S, Richt JA, He
Page 38 and 39: 9.1.5. Hazard identification conclu
Page 40 and 41: 10. Bovine Herpes Viruses 10.1. HAZ
Page 42 and 43: Tisdall and Rowe 2001). No signific
Page 44 and 45: Schlafer DH, Gillespie JH, Foote RH
Page 46 and 47: References References marked * have
Page 48 and 49: References References marked * have
Page 50 and 51: was suggested that 7% of foetal dea
Page 52 and 53: An ELISA could be used for antibody
Page 54 and 55: 14. Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Feve
Page 56 and 57:
14.2.4. Risk estimation Since entry
Page 58 and 59:
15. Bovine Ephemeral Fever 15.1. HA
Page 60 and 61:
References Murray MD (1997). Possib
Page 62 and 63:
16.2. RISK ASSESSMENT 16.2.1. Entry
Page 64 and 65:
References References marked * have
Page 66 and 67:
Kunjin virus is generally confined
Page 68 and 69:
Russell RC (1995). Arboviruses and
Page 70 and 71:
and could have severe effects in a
Page 72 and 73:
19. Rabies 19.1. HAZARD IDENTIFICAT
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If the disease were to become estab
Page 76 and 77:
20. Ross River and Barmah Forest Vi
Page 78 and 79:
21. Tick Borne Encephalitis 21.1. H
Page 80 and 81:
21.2.4. Risk estimation Since entry
Page 82 and 83:
22. Vesicular Stomatitis 22.1. HAZA
Page 84 and 85:
countries. As many facts relating t
Page 86 and 87:
Mare cj, mead dg (2004). Vesicular
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
disease (vCJD). Up to the 4 th of N
Page 92 and 93:
• Consistent with Article 2.3.13.
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25. Anthrax 25.1. HAZARD IDENTIFICA
Page 96 and 97:
25.3. RISK MANAGEMENT 25.3.1. Optio
Page 98 and 99:
26.1.5. Hazard identification concl
Page 100 and 101:
http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/MCode
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Wood PR, Corner LA, Rothel JS, Bald
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
ole they play as pathogens is uncer
Page 110 and 111:
29.2. RISK ASSESSMENT 29.2.1. Entry
Page 112 and 113:
Ayling RD, Bashiruddin SE, Nicholas
Page 114 and 115:
Mackie DP, Finlay D, Brice N, Ball
Page 116 and 117:
haemagglutination test are seldom u
Page 118 and 119:
OIE (2006). Haemorrhagic septicaemi
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Salmonella typhimurium is endemic i
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
32. Leptospirosis 32.1. HAZARD IDEN
Page 126 and 127:
humans have not occurred despite th
Page 128 and 129:
33. Lyme Disease 33.1. HAZARD IDENT
Page 130 and 131:
Burgess EC, Gendron-Fitzpatrick A,
Page 132 and 133:
34. Spirochaetosis (Borrelia theile
Page 134 and 135:
Young calves from both infected and
Page 136 and 137:
OIE (2006). Bovine anaplasmosis. Ch
Page 138 and 139:
phagocytophilia, phagocytophilum, a
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
organism in semen (Teankum et al 20
Page 144 and 145:
Dagnall GJ, Wilsmore AJ (1990). A s
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Rousset E, Russo P, Pepin M, Aubert
Page 150 and 151:
40. Babesiosis 40.1. HAZARD IDENTIF
Page 152 and 153:
consequent mortalities and the nece
Page 154 and 155:
41. Sarcocystosis 41.1. HAZARD IDEN
Page 156 and 157:
42. Theileriosis (Theileria annulat
Page 158 and 159:
• Cattle could be imported from c
Page 160 and 161:
suitable to eradicate lice provided
Page 162 and 163:
44. Mange Mites 44.1. HAZARD IDENTI
Page 164 and 165:
One or a combination of the followi
Page 166 and 167:
Hard ticks (Ixodidae) have a life c
Page 168 and 169:
tick could re-infest the same host
Page 170 and 171:
46. Warble Fly 46.1. HAZARD IDENTIF
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
granulosis could occur in cattle. E
Page 176 and 177:
Cattle to be imported into New Zeal
Page 178 and 179:
48. Weed Seeds 48.1. HAZARD IDENTIF
Page 180:
in the digestive tracts of herbivor
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Final Risk Analysis - Biosecurity New Zealand

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