risk factors impacting on the spread of hiv among pregnant women ...

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At the time of the survey, 47% had general secondary education; 19.2% had received incomplete
secondary education; the proportion of women with incomplete or complete higher education did
not exceed 9%. These rates differed from the general sample; i.е. women in Yekaterinburg had lower
levels of education.
96.7% of interviewees were Yekaterinburg residents. 18.3% came from elsewhere, mostly from
other regions of Russia. The proportion of women living in the region for less than 10 years was
11.8%.
Only 30.7% had been married, which is less than in the summary sample for the five cities. 46.8%
first married at the age of 20–24; 36.2% at younger than 20 years old.
The marital status of Yekaterinburg women at the time of the survey was as follows. 55.6% lived in
common-law marriage with a male partner (more than in the general sample); 24.8% lived alone;
and 18.3% were in registered marriage and lived with their husbands (less than in the general sample).
2.3.2.2. HIV DIAGNOSIS
RISK FACTORS IMPACTING ON THE SPREAD OF HIV AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
In the Yekaterinburg sub-sample, the time between HIV diagnosis and the survey did not differ significantly
from the general sample. About 39.9% of women were diagnosed with HIV 1.5–2.5 years
before the survey; 30.1% more than 9 months but less than 1.5 years before; 25.5% 5–9 months
before; and an insignificant proportion was diagnosed less than 4 months or over 2.5 years before the
survey.
49% at the time of diagnosis was aged 20–24; 25.5% was aged 25–29; 16.3% was aged 19 or less;
9.2% was aged 30 or over.
96.3% of women were diagnosed with HIV in Yekaterinburg. An insignificant number of women
(3.7%, less than in the general sample) were diagnosed in other areas of Russia. 59.5% were diagnosed
at antenatal clinics; 20.3% at the AIDS Centre; and 7.2% (more than in the general sample)
at the STI clinic.
At the time of diagnosis, 75.2% were pregnant and 91.3% of these were receiving care at antenatal
clinics (more than in the general sample). 48.7% were in the first trimester of pregnancy; 35.7% in
the second; and 10.4% in the third.
63.4% (more than in the general sample) at the time of diagnosis had received only post-test counselling;
24.2% had not received counselling at any stage of testing. Only 12.4% of women had
received both pre-test and post-test counselling, this rate being three times lower than in the general
sample.