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6 7 6. Chapter hall in the Riga Dom, cluster of south columns 7. The Paderborn Dom, capital decor of the ‘Paradise’ portal
sion can be reached that predominantly 13th–14th cent. forms and construction principles of brick architecture of the Baltic Sea region have been applied. The consecration of the construction site allotted for the Riga Dom in 1211 can be considered the commencement of the eastern volumes building effort, which is testified by the basilican planning of this part. There is so far no convincing evidence of a simultaneous effort on the western part of the church. The basilican planning of the Riga Dom eastern volumes, i.e., the apsids, the choir and the transept, the building of their architectonic construction and decorative form are similar to several early 13th cent. brick architecture analogies, the closes being the Ratzeburger Dom. The offsetting of the Riga Dom northern isle and the twin semicircular window apertures in the western traverse above the northern portal are the indications of a basilican building volume. However, the northern isles were already built according to a hall-type of plan. It is clearly proved by the same height of the pillar cornices throughout the Dom. The change of the basilican plan could have taken place as early as the time of Bishop Albert von Buxhövden as signalled by the early 13th cent. North German or Westfalen regional examples. The hall-type plan for the isles of the Riga Dom cannot be deducted from an individual example although it can be considered a topical and wide-spread plan for the structure of a new space. According to Sten Karling’s evaluation, the original architecture of the Riga Dom congregation space can be characterized as a space that combines the uncombinable: the halltype of space was developed from a system of basilican pillars and vaults to the building of isles. The hall-type solution of the Riga Dom has been created by combining the influences and examples of early 13th cent. North German and Westfalen sacral architecture (Fig. 1–3). By just tracing the similarities with the examples of Westfalen hall-type buildings and considering the Riga Dom a more or less skilful imitation we arrive at the denial of the independent nature of the Riga Dom building and at the narrowing the scope of its building masters’ art contacts and possibilities. The following 14th century construction works of the basilican elevation of the nave in the Riga Dom are related to a retrospective trend that existed in brick architecture from the end of the 13th century and throughout the 14th century and that stipulated alignment with the basilica examples of French cathedrals. The leading role was occupied by the sacral buildings of Lübeck, especially the Dom and St Mary’s church. This can be seen also in the forms of the basilican elevation of the Riga Dom nave, as well as the application of brickwork cluster columns and frieze-type capitals. Notwithstanding the use of topical details, the interior of the Riga Dom basilican elevation of the nave considerably lags behind the carcass structures of the latest Gothic brickwork cathedral architecture. The appearance of the Riga Dom nave is determined by the massive pillars and the less structured wall of the basilican elevation (Fig. 4–5). The exterior simplicity of the Riga Dom basilican elevation is specified by the absence of visible buttresses. In the Gothic architecture of the Baltic Sea region basilican naves without buttresses or abutments are rare. The reduced Gothic variant of the basilican elevation of the nave might be explained by the fact that after 1254 the Dom construction works had scarce income and it was necessary to choose the simpler basilican solution. By developing a Gothic basilica on the unaltered construction carcass of the hall an example was created that was characteristic and peculiar solely of the Riga Dom. The nave was given Gothic verticality with minimal artistic means. The Gothic architectural forms and solutions for the Riga Dom isles and western parts were adapted to the clear lines of the late Romanesque eastern volumes. However, this is no reason to misinterpret the restricted massive image as a provincial observance of Romanesque architecture building traditions. The research of the history of the Riga Dom construction should provide an in-depth study of the peculiarities of the structure, also in the context of the other medieval sacral buildings in Riga. The building of the Cross Gallery was started at the time of Bishop Albert Buxhövden, and dolomite blocks were used in the sacristy and all of part A of the Cross Gallery. However, it is doubtful if the eastern wing was completed in the first quarter of the 13th century, as
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