Reluctant Gangsters - London Borough of Hillingdon

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The crime in these areas is distinctive in several ways. It is: Youthful: Young people are both victims and perpetrators (Pitts & Hope 1998) Implosive: It is perpetrated by and against local residents (Lea & Young, 1988, W.J. Wilson, 1989, Bourgeois, 1995, Palmer & Pitts, 2006) Repetitive: The same people are victimised again and again (Forrester et al, 1990) Symmetrical: Victims and offenders are similar in terms of age, ethnicity and class (James Q Wilson, 1975, Lea & Young 1988) Violent The violence is intra-neighbourhood, interneighbourhood and inter-racial and takes place in and around schools, and on the street (Pitts, 2003, Palmer & Pitts, 2006) Under-reported: Victims and perpetrators in the poorest neighbourhoods tend to know one another and the threat of reprisal prevents them from reporting victimisation (Young & Matthews, 1992) Embedded: Youth offending in these areas tends to intensify because, being denied many of the usual pathways to adulthood, adolescents fail to ‘grow out of crime’ and so adolescent peer groups transmogrify into ‘gangs’ and their age-range expands, linking pre-teens with offenders in their 20s and 30s (Hagan, 1993) Taken together, these factors explain why children and young people living in the borough’s poorest estates and neighbourhoods might be pre-disposed to become involved in crime and violence. It does not explain the emergence of violent youth gangs however. To explain this, we need to understand the link that was forged in this period between disaffected young people hanging-out on the streets of Waltham Forest and the international drugs trade. (Hagedorn, 1988/98, Pearson & Hobbs, 2001, Bullock & Tilley 2003). 19
4. Youth Gangs and the Drugs Market Today, any crackhead can be a hitman. (KI.15) By the late 1990s, heroin, cocaine and crack were flooding into London. Four families dominated organized crime in Waltham Forest and four brothers from one of these families, who lived on the Beaumont Estate, having previously specialised in armed robbery were, like other career criminals of the time, moving into the highly lucrative illicit drugs business (KI.01,KI.07, KI.31). In 2001 the Beaumont Gang backed up by the equally violent Tottenham Man Dem Crew, the Harlesden Crew and, in Hackney, the Love of Money Crew, the Holly Street Boys and Mothers Square made a successful attempt to take control of local drug markets and much else besides (KI.20, KI.31). Such was the strength of this alliance that the Yardies, who at that time were making a pitch for domination of the East London drugs business, never gained a foothold in the borough (KI.07). As a result, the Beaumont Gang, became the major supplier of narcotics. In the wake of these battles the local drugs market stabilised, leading to a sharp reduction in armed violence. Indeed, as recently as 2002, the Metropolitan Police still regarded the Borough as a relatively tranquil place, compared with neighbouring boroughs where drug-driven gang violence was on the rise and, ironically, where control of the Waltham Forest drugs market was being decided (KI.05, KI.20,31). Then, in 2002, a core member of the Beaumont Gang was robbed by someone from the Oliver Close Gang (OC), who was, in turn, ‘bottled’ by the brother of the victim. It is likely that the original robbery was related to a dispute over a drugs deal (KI.01). In the ensuing conflict, the Oliver Close Gang affiliated with Chingford Hall and later the Boundary Boys and the Cathall Gang, all of whom had ‘beefs’, smouldering resentments, with the Beaumont Gang, about, amongst other things, the way they had muscled in on the drugs business a few years earlier. At this time, these gangs were relatively small, resembling, in some respects, the criminal networks described by Hallsworth & Young (2004), with core groups of around half a dozen and a handful of associates (KI.01,20). From a Blag to a Business Until the late 1980s, small ‘firms’ of professional criminals in London’s East End tended to engage in one-off ‘blags’, designed to yield a big ‘score’. Characteristically, these blags involved robbing banks, post-offices and security vans, or hijacking lorry loads of cigarettes or spirits. Job done, the ‘blaggers’ would put their feet up 20
Page 1 and 2: Reluctant Gangsters: Youth Gangs in
Page 3 and 4: ‘Everybody on the street knows th
Page 5 and 6: Introduction This report, compiled
Page 7 and 8: Aim III: International Literature R
Page 9 and 10: emergence and growth and, within th
Page 11 and 12: existed for 3 months or more. The g
Page 13 and 14: necessary because, with the ‘glob
Page 15 and 16: 2. The Emergence and Growth of Gang
Page 17 and 18: effect of displacing some establish
Page 19: The ‘collapse of the ghetto’, W
Page 23 and 24: from South America to Jamaica, is s
Page 25 and 26: Fig. 4.2 “He buys two kilos of co
Page 27 and 28: Open markets cannot be protected as
Page 29 and 30: drugs in Liverpool and Manchester,
Page 31 and 32: Fig. 4.1: Metropolitan Police Harm
Page 33 and 34: years. The half dozen young people
Page 35 and 36: The Highams Park Gang (Severity Sco
Page 37 and 38: As we observed in chapter 1. existi
Page 39 and 40: 5. Gang Members Friendships and loy
Page 41 and 42: etween 2% and 5% of gun crime suspe
Page 43 and 44: 6. Gang Violence There is nothing s
Page 45 and 46: seventh highest rate of fatal and n
Page 47 and 48: Although it was only in a minority
Page 49 and 50: I had a beef with PC. They was doin
Page 51 and 52: 7. Gang Culture I can’t explain i
Page 53 and 54: Music In Kingston, each garrison co
Page 55 and 56: 8. Reluctant Gangsters He said ‘W
Page 57 and 58: If the local gang asks someone on t
Page 59 and 60: (5) Continued affiliation because o
Page 61 and 62: Such discreditation generates damag
Page 63 and 64: mobility. Other parents may feel sh
Page 65 and 66: This is not to say that there has b
Page 67 and 68: consequence of ‘taking out’ the
Page 69 and 70: who have intimidated the Avenue you
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Technology; mobile ‘phones and te
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upon non-gang-involved students, th
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10. A Seven Point Gang Strategy for
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those functions on, and the need to
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Targeted gang members experienced f
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The Boston strategy assumes that if
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Fig.10.2 Manchester Multi-Agency Ga
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Fig.10.3 The X-it Programme Aims To
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• Mediating between young people
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or associates of the core group, is
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7. School-based Gang Initiatives Th
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Preventive initiatives are also imp
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ealities ‘on the ground’. It wo
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Elders Youngers Fig. 10.1 Wannabees
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Currie E. (1985) Confronting Crime:
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Pitts J. & Porteous D. (2005) Nobod
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Appendix I Waltham Forest Gang Stud
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Appendix III Waltham Forest Gang St
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Reluctant Gangsters - London Borough of Hillingdon

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