You're like `why not?' The quotative expressions of Glasgow ...

QUOTATIVES IN GLASGOW 19
2. A pilot study of English novels revealed a pattern of gender stereotyping in the use of
graphic verbs and evaluative adverbs.
Used only of men Used only of women
said ®rmly said quietly
said bluntly asked innocently
said coldly echoed obediently
said smugly said loyally
urged o€ered humbly
burst forth whispered
demanded aggressively asked mildly
said challengingly agreed placidly
cried furiously smiled complacently
exclaimed contemptuously fumbled on
cried portentously implored
grumbled pleaded
Macaulay 1994: 96)
These examples come from a paper by Nan Wonderly when she was an undergraduate
at Pomona College.
3. Judging from some of the examples in Holmes 1997), go has reached New Zealand.
4. Although the project was not designed to collect information for discourse analysis,
the data set is very rich and provides useful material for the quantitative analysis of
age, gender, and social class di€erences in the use of various discourse features
Macaulay 1999). My stimulus for looking at quotatives came from reading
Tagliamonte and Hudson 1999).
5. A third of the zero quotatives occur in the telling of a joke by one of the working-class
boys. The context makes the use of a quotative unnecessary, as can be seen in the
following extract:
the priest says to them `What is it you want?'
he goes `Can we get a home for the night and some food possibly warm
father?'
he goes `Fair enough fair enough come on in'
he goes `What religion are you?' to the ®rst boy
ˆ) `I'm a catholic father'
ˆ) `Come on in
there's a mat
warm yourself by the ®re'
ˆ) walks up to the second boy `And what religion are you?'
ˆ) `I'm a catholic father'
ˆ) `Come on in
there's a mat
warm yourself by the ®re'
ˆ) walks up to the third boy `And what religion are you son?'
ˆ) `I'm a prodestant father'
ˆ) `In the name of God I won't turn you away blanket in the corner'
6. Miller and Weinert 1995) examine the discourse functions of like, which has a long
history in Scotland, but they found no examples of quotative like in conversations
recorded in 1977±1980. The focus function of like in the Glasgow conversations will
be examined in a later paper.
# Blackwell Publishers Ltd. 2001