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THERE is no age limit for volunteers in the Home Reserves. Uncle Sam is helping women to train for citizenship—are you getting your share <strong>of</strong> instruction ? Never were the duties <strong>of</strong> citizenship more onerous or more inspiring. The work <strong>of</strong> women is as necessary as that <strong>of</strong> men. All feminine faculties <strong>of</strong> mind and graces <strong>of</strong> bearing are as much in demand as are their maculine complements. We must learn to use our citizenship discriminatingly, and it is wisest to begin in home fields where we best know conditions. Our men exercise their privileges <strong>of</strong> citizenship in addition to their business <strong>of</strong> earning a livelihood; so must we add some civic duties to our business <strong>of</strong> housekeeping. . One <strong>of</strong> the first obligations <strong>of</strong> citizenship is obedience, and a democratic people prefers to obey a request rather than i command; so when a request for some special form <strong>of</strong> conservation or <strong>of</strong> selfdenial came during the war from oui Food Administration, for instance, oui pride as citizens impelled us to obe> promptly and heartily, though we did not always fully understand all the reasons for the request. IT WAS vitally necessary to keep the food vans moving toward the front that our boys might have- their bodies nourished as well as have their wounds bandaged, and that our Allies, impoverished through four years <strong>of</strong> war, might be cared for. It is highly necessary also that our people at home be well nourished. A properly nourished body rarely yields to epidemics. To permit conditions favorable to epidemics, either in an individual home, a town, or a community, is at all times inexcusably careless, and at the present time is almost criminal negligence on the part <strong>of</strong> citizens. Now in the chaneine food conditions laid upon us by war and by NE high prices, how can the busy house- ' wife learn to provide proper nourishment for her family with the means at her command? As our soldiers had to be trained for their new duties, so must the housewife be trained in the science <strong>of</strong> nutrition, the use [and preparation <strong>of</strong> new foods, and the planning <strong>of</strong> meals for the body's needs, rather than for the appetite's caprices. The women soldiers <strong>of</strong> the home reserve must be trained and drilled in ways <strong>of</strong> preserving a state <strong>of</strong> health, individually and collectively, in their homes and in their communities. WE ARE told that the stock <strong>of</strong> wool for civilian clothing is pitifully inadequate. How are the women soldiers in the home reserve to meet this situation ? After a generation <strong>of</strong> using custom-made woolen clothes, comparatively few women now know how to make their own wool suits. Every good citizen now must learn to serve herself , and to learn quickly, it is necessary to have training. This training the government is helping to provide. Lack <strong>of</strong> workers at the mines and inadequate transportation facilities have caused a scarcity <strong>of</strong> fuel in many localities. What can our Home Reserve do about this? Few women connect their individual kitchen stove with the fuel problem. Few have thought to so plan their meals that one heating <strong>of</strong> the oven will cook the entire meal. Few know how to get the greatest radiation from their stoves or furnaces, or how to use their fuel to the best advantage. Here the government agent's training <strong>of</strong>fers great and direct help. At all student camps our recruits were TRAINING HOME-MAKERS Will You Volunteer for the Support <strong>of</strong> Home Demonstration Service in Your Community? MAMIE BUNCH in Charge, Extension Service in Home Economics, <strong>Illinois</strong> state <strong>University</strong> given a course in War Aims. 1 his was as necessary for the women <strong>of</strong> the Home Reserve who were sendihg;their men to the fighting front as it was for the men themselves and now, though the war is over, we are still needed.! Every soldier who returns from the front will jiave learned something <strong>of</strong> the real facts <strong>of</strong> life <strong>of</strong>ten underestimated in commonplace times <strong>of</strong> peace. He will have learned that courage, patriotism, unselfishness, honor, faithfulness, and love <strong>of</strong> the ideal are the real assets <strong>of</strong> life, the qualities that endure when prop; erty is destroyed. Cannot we in the homes learn this lesson and demonstrate its truth by practical team work in applying these principles in community life? It is because, around the individual firesides <strong>of</strong> the world, parents have neglected practically to realize and demonstrate these NEITHER PLOW NOB FURROW RESENTED THE FACT THAT A WOMAN DID, AS SHOWN HERE, THE THING NEEDED TO BE DONE THIS 19 THE PHOTOGRAPH OP A MEMBER OP IOWA'S "HOME RESERVE" DOING HER SHARE. WHETHER IN WAH OR PEACE truths that the men <strong>of</strong> the warring nations have had to descend to Hell for a lesson in values. Our boys will return with a vision <strong>of</strong> the brotherhood <strong>of</strong> man such as only contact with other people in other modes <strong>of</strong> life can give. Shall not we <strong>of</strong> the Home Reserve learn <strong>of</strong> the lives <strong>of</strong> the people our boys are meeting? The boys will tell us on returning that there is no nation that has a monopoly on either vice or virtue. The real things <strong>of</strong> life are universal and form the basis for the "league <strong>of</strong> nations." As we keep the home fires burning, let us see in the embers the vision they glimpse in the trenches. This, women, is part <strong>of</strong> our drill, and Uncle Sam helps to furnish the <strong>of</strong>ficers. • The men who went into the army gave up home, business and position, for their term <strong>of</strong> service. We <strong>of</strong> the Women's Home Reserve have the advantage <strong>of</strong> remaining in our homes and are asked to co-operate only to the extent <strong>of</strong> helping to pay our <strong>of</strong>ficer, furnishing her proper equipment for carrying on our drill to the best ad vantage,-and being ready to act promptly on her advice. Who then are these <strong>of</strong>ficers? How have they been prepared for the important work <strong>of</strong> drilling housewives in conservation and the duties <strong>of</strong> citizenship? They are women <strong>of</strong> keen intelligence, broad vision, practical experience in home problems. They are women who have had several years' technical training in home economics, including nutrition, clothing, house planning, home equipment, home nursing, the relation <strong>of</strong> the home to community life, social problems, community recreation, and economics and civic ideals. They are trained to serve the home. They are selected from a large group <strong>of</strong> successful teachers and housewives by an appointments committee at your State <strong>University</strong>,- and are then referred to an executive committee in each county which organizes to support Uncle Sam's efforts toward making our homes worthy <strong>of</strong> the boys who will come back to us from over seas. In <strong>Illinois</strong> we speak <strong>of</strong> the <strong>of</strong>fice as the JTHE map <strong>of</strong> <strong>Illinois</strong> shown on page 170 will be <strong>of</strong> Merest to leaders in other states who are studying how their communities may best be organized to make aeailable to every rural home just the service which those homes desire. In <strong>Illinois</strong>, Miss Bunch tells us, selection <strong>of</strong> only the eery best available women advisers is made, four years' technical training in Home Economics being required, with special emphasis on nutrition, plus practical experience in the application <strong>of</strong> home economic principles in actual farm life, lecturing, demonstrating and so forth. These trained workers can give inestimable service. " The world do move" and the best <strong>of</strong> house-keepers , the wisest <strong>of</strong> mothers, the most skillful <strong>of</strong> cooks, still have something more to learn. THE <strong>FARM</strong>ER'S WIFEII)I/7be happy to conned its readers with the Home Demonstration Work in their respective states. If we ourselves cannot fully answer any questions you may wish to ask us, we can always f ind for you those who can. In writing your letter <strong>of</strong> inquiry do not . forget the courtesy <strong>of</strong> inclosing postage for reply. This is a "little thing" hut Very important.— The Editor. County Home Bureau or the City Home Bureau. The Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture at Washington, through its States Relations Service co-operating with your State <strong>University</strong>, backs the local county or citj organization, through which it is hoped necessary information on all vital home problems may be spread quickly and accurately. Fifteen counties and five <strong>of</strong> the large cities <strong>of</strong> <strong>Illinois</strong> have already availed themselves <strong>of</strong> the States Relations Service for women, and .other counties and cities are organizing. This was War Emergency Service but the tangible evidence <strong>of</strong> the value to the communities where it has been undertaken indicates that it will become a permanent feature <strong>of</strong> our training-for citizenship. What are some <strong>of</strong> these tangible results? First: A breaking down (amongst women) <strong>of</strong> petty, jealousies and political, social and religious prejudices, much the same work as the army has done for its men, resulting in fine team work and hearty co-operation. OECOND: The discovery <strong>of</strong> rare *J qualities <strong>of</strong> leadership in mature home women whose families have developed to the point <strong>of</strong> self reliance. These women are quietly and patriotically serving their communities, without the incentive <strong>of</strong> uniforms or martial music or the glory <strong>of</strong> military achievement as a spur; they have a keen experience <strong>of</strong> individual responsibility for helping to develop in their communities a sense <strong>of</strong> values that will make future wars improbable. Third: Home women are beginning to comprehend their own value as economic entities, or in other words, their value as all-around citizens. For instance, when a woman finds the value <strong>of</strong> the perishable food stuffs she has saved for winter amounting to more than $100 saved from the winter's grocery bill, (and that is a very common report) and when she realizes too that she has saved the Government the transportation <strong>of</strong>the amount <strong>of</strong> foods she has stored for home use, she begins to respect her housekeeping as a very important business having definite relation to state and national life, and she awakes to the necessity for conducting her housekeeping on business principles. MANY women under the guidance <strong>of</strong> War Emergency Agents, have learned to so systematize household tasks that they have time, as they had not had before, to enter into the children's problems and to ~ discuss with them the lessons given in' school in current history, geography, civics and patriotic effort , and they have begun to realize their business <strong>of</strong> home making as a great State service. Fourth: The States Relations Service has proved a mostvaluableagency in bringing together home and school in the great process <strong>of</strong> Americanization essential to the assimilation <strong>of</strong> our great foreign propulation. For instance, under the instruction <strong>of</strong> this agency at the Allied War Exposition in Chicago, the Czecho-Slav women prepared and exhibited with recipes twentyfive dishes (in common use by their households), modified to use substitutes for wheat and sugar. These are but few <strong>of</strong> the outstanding results which already guarantee the wisdom <strong>of</strong> federal aid in the development <strong>of</strong> the highest standard <strong>of</strong> home life. A nation can rise no higher than the aggregate ideals <strong>of</strong> its individual homes. Have you volunteered for training for the support <strong>of</strong> this service in your community? Need andopportunityawait v" - .
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