occurrence of degenerative joint disease in the radius: analysis

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arely affected. The most interesting finding was that of squatting facets on the tibia and talus, which were present in almost 50% of all tibiae. This find supports the hypothesis that repeated, functionally-induced stress on joints, especially related to specific activities, can over time cause degenerative changes characteristic of DJD. Even today, tennis players are more likely than soccer players to develop tennis elbow, and typists are more likely than gymnasts to develop carpal tunnel syndrome. Certain repetitive activities can be responsible for dictating what joints or articular surfaces are affected. In tennis players it is the shoulder, elbow, and wrist that are more likely to be affected. In downhill skiers the lower limbs are more likely to suffer an earlier onset of degenerative changes. Anderson (1964) analyzed DJD in the 36,000 bones and fragmented specimens of the Fairty ossuary dated to about A.D. 1400, excavated near Toronto, Ontario. Based on humeri, the minimum number of individuals (MNI) was estimated to be about 512 (Anderson, 1964). General percentages of DJD were given for several long bones, including the humerus, radius, and ulna, which are relevant to this study of DJD in the radii of the Poole-Rose ossuary. Less than 10% of humeral heads were affected, while about 5% of the distal part of the humeri showed some form of degenerative change. Typically, this DJD was a 15
ound, discrete area of erosion on the capitulum with some marginal lipping. However, the incidence was more extensive in the distal part of the humeri. DJD was present in about 9% of proximal and distal articular surfaces of all radii, and in about 19% of proximal ends and about 15% of distal ends of all ulnae. The exact location and severity of DJD was not recorded. From his study on the Fairty ossuary, Anderson (1964) suggested some generalizations that characterize DJD, which he proposed can begin to manifest itself early in adult life. These characterizations were followed by subsequent researchers and provide a model of the expression of DJD and its tendencies. The most noticeable characteristic is the distinctive patterning of the expression of DJD for each particular joint surface. For instance, the typical expression is usually a combination of pitting of the bone underlying cartilage, lipping of the articular surface, formation of new bone (osteophytes), and the presence of eburnation. Also, there can be variation in the incidence at different joints, especially in two bones that articulate at the same joint surface. In the Fairty ossuary, there was a minimal difference in incidence between left and right specimens. Bridges (1991) analyzed and compared degenerative joint disease in two populations, Archaic hunter-gatherers and Mississippian agriculturalists from northwestern Alabama. The 16
Page 1 and 2: OCCURRENCE OF DEGENERATIVE JOINT DI
Page 3 and 4: University and students a chance to
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF FIGURES 3.1 Proximal radius
Page 9 and 10: of DJD, proximal lipping is less fr
Page 11 and 12: frequent and well-known burial prac
Page 13 and 14: Literature Review The Late Woodland
Page 15 and 16: degenerative joint disease. A gener
Page 17 and 18: diarthrodial joints.” In the huma
Page 19 and 20: minimal pitting. Porosity can be di
Page 21 and 22: Jurmain (1999) points out that “i
Page 23: there is much to be learned from si
Page 27 and 28: Eskimos. DJD was studied on the dis
Page 29 and 30: common in the knee. Skeletal distri
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS The
Page 33 and 34: pitting can be difficult to assess
Page 35 and 36: Minimum Number of Individuals CHAPT
Page 37 and 38: Table 3.2. Minimum number of adult
Page 39 and 40: of the test. When the degrees of fr
Page 41 and 42: Figure 3.3. Moderate/Severe pitting
Page 43 and 44: Table 3.5. Proximal lipping and dis
Page 45 and 46: Figure 3.5. Moderate/Severe lipping
Page 47 and 48: Table 3.9. Proximal lipping and dis
Page 49 and 50: Figure 3.7. Eburnation of the joint
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.13. Proximal pitting and di
Page 53 and 54: Table 3.17. Side and pitting on the
Page 55 and 56: the Poole-Rose ossuary sample, DJD
Page 57 and 58: of DJD, a functional or stress rela
Page 59 and 60: This suggests degeneration of the j
Page 61 and 62: the wrist causes increased wear and
Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSIONS The main obje
Page 65 and 66: understanding the diverse etiology
Page 67 and 68: Jurmain RD (1978) Paleoepidemiology
Page 69 and 70: Werner FW, An KN, Palmer AK, and Ch

occurrence of degenerative joint disease in the radius: analysis

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