occurrence of degenerative joint disease in the radius: analysis

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porosity, lipping, and eburnation. To aid in seriating such a large sample, each bone was assigned a degree, or category according to presence of DJD: Absent or not present, present/minimal, and moderate/severe. Based on Buikstra’s and Ubelaker’s recording standards for data collection (1994), the degree of porosity and lipping respectively was assigned as such: • Minimal= pinpoint pitting or individual pits numbering very few • Moderate= Several groups of coalesced pitting, occurring in more than one location, and often on both the joint surface and marginal areas • Severe= Presence of both pinpoint and coalesced pitting on over 50% of the joint surface. For the statistical analysis, specimens were grouped into the categories of absent, present/minimal, and moderate/severe. Due to the small number of specimens in the last two categories, however, specimens with moderate and severe expression of DJD were combined into one group. Porosity or pitting of the joint surface is often applied inconsistently and is poorly defined. Distinguishing between premortem and postmortem pitting is relatively simple with the aid of a microscope, but the classification of what causes the 23
pitting can be difficult to assess in skeletal remains. Porosity may develop due to thinning of the articular plate and vascular invasion of calcified cartilage, and may not be related at all to DJD (Jurmain, 1999). A Nikon stereoscopic microscope was used to identify premortem from postmortem pitting on the joint surfaces. Premortem pitting was identified as such by the rounded and smooth edged appearance of the pits, obviously not due to postmortem handling or disintegration. Lipping and eburnation were identified by the naked eye, with extent of eburnation being confirmed by use of a microscope. In addition to the identification of these three characteristics, I looked for large centralized pits with additional bone buildup in the center of the joint capsule. Prevalence as well as the patterning of the lesions was observed. Colored dots were placed on the radii to mark the location of pitting, lipping, and eburnation on each joint surface. The data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2000 spreadsheet and SPSS 10.0 for Windows. SPSS was used for statistical analysis. Two-way frequency tables were created to compare presence and degree of severity of observations by joint surface, side, and in relation to other DJD observations. Chi- square tests were used to determine which frequencies were 24
Page 1 and 2: OCCURRENCE OF DEGENERATIVE JOINT DI
Page 3 and 4: University and students a chance to
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF FIGURES 3.1 Proximal radius
Page 9 and 10: of DJD, proximal lipping is less fr
Page 11 and 12: frequent and well-known burial prac
Page 13 and 14: Literature Review The Late Woodland
Page 15 and 16: degenerative joint disease. A gener
Page 17 and 18: diarthrodial joints.” In the huma
Page 19 and 20: minimal pitting. Porosity can be di
Page 21 and 22: Jurmain (1999) points out that “i
Page 23 and 24: there is much to be learned from si
Page 25 and 26: ound, discrete area of erosion on t
Page 27 and 28: Eskimos. DJD was studied on the dis
Page 29 and 30: common in the knee. Skeletal distri
Page 31: CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS The
Page 35 and 36: Minimum Number of Individuals CHAPT
Page 37 and 38: Table 3.2. Minimum number of adult
Page 39 and 40: of the test. When the degrees of fr
Page 41 and 42: Figure 3.3. Moderate/Severe pitting
Page 43 and 44: Table 3.5. Proximal lipping and dis
Page 45 and 46: Figure 3.5. Moderate/Severe lipping
Page 47 and 48: Table 3.9. Proximal lipping and dis
Page 49 and 50: Figure 3.7. Eburnation of the joint
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.13. Proximal pitting and di
Page 53 and 54: Table 3.17. Side and pitting on the
Page 55 and 56: the Poole-Rose ossuary sample, DJD
Page 57 and 58: of DJD, a functional or stress rela
Page 59 and 60: This suggests degeneration of the j
Page 61 and 62: the wrist causes increased wear and
Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSIONS The main obje
Page 65 and 66: understanding the diverse etiology
Page 67 and 68: Jurmain RD (1978) Paleoepidemiology
Page 69 and 70: Werner FW, An KN, Palmer AK, and Ch

occurrence of degenerative joint disease in the radius: analysis

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