Hypoplasia-Hyperplasia
Hypoplasia-Hyperplasia
Hypoplasia-Hyperplasia
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Etiology - trisomy 21<br />
Down Syndrome<br />
Incidence - 1:1600 L.B. 1:100 if mother over 40 y.<br />
Description:<br />
mongolian fold (epicanthus)<br />
saddle nose<br />
oblique lid axis (mongolian slant)<br />
receding chin (microgenia)<br />
macroglossia and hypotonia of the tongue<br />
hypotonia of lower lip<br />
submental fat collection (double chin)<br />
protruding ears<br />
Down Syndrome<br />
Midface hypoplasia with class III malocclusion<br />
Strabismus (30%).<br />
Treatment<br />
Partial glossectomy (shape of a Gothic arch)- has no effect<br />
on speech (Wexler - there is effect) but may improve<br />
malocclusion<br />
Z-plasty for the epicanthal fold (should be done following<br />
augmentation of the dorsum which corrects some of the<br />
problem)<br />
Otoplasy<br />
Lateral canthoplasty<br />
Le Fort I osteotomy and genioplasty<br />
Augmentation of the zygoma and dorsum of the nose
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