Historical Dictionary of Western Sahara Third ... - Scarecrow Press

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xxiv • CHRONOLOGY 1110 Muslim Spain is reunited under Almoravid control. c. 1218 Beni Hassan reach the Oued Draa and the Atlantic coast. c. 1280 Beni Hassan migrate south into Western Sahara and Mauritania. 1346 The first known European explorer, Jaime Ferrer, sails past Boujdour but never returns. 1434–35 Gil Eannes is the first European to return from south of Boujdour. 1445 João Fernandes is the first European to travel extensively into Western Sahara’s interior. 1468 Enrique IV of Castile awards Saharan coast to Diego García de Herrera (April 6). 1476 Diego García de Herrera sets up Santa Cruz de Mar Pequeña. 1479–80 African coast south of Boujdour is awarded to Portugal. 1485 Santa Cruz de Mar Pequeña is abandoned. 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas awards Spain the Saharan coast south of Boujdour (June 7). 1496 Santa Cruz de Mar Pequeña is rebuilt by Alonso Fajardo. 1498 Santa Cruz de Mar Pequeña is sacked by a Portuguese fleet. 1499 Alonso Fernandéz de Lugo appointed Captain-General of Africa and instructed to set up more forts on the Saharan coast. 16th century Beginnings of Reguibat and Arosien ascendancy. 1500 De Lugo is defeated by Saharawi tribes in the Battle of the Assaka River. 1509 Spain gives up its rights on the Saharan coast except for Santa Cruz de Mar Pequeña. 1524 Santa Cruz de Mar Pequeña is sacked by local tribes; Spain abandons the Saharan coast and does not return until the late 19th century.
1578–1603 Moroccan Sultan Ahmed el-Mansour sends several military expeditions across the Sahara. 1644–74 The Thirty Years War (Char Bobha) in Mauritania results in defeat of the Sanhaja by the Beni Hassan. 1664–74 Reign of Moroccan Alawite Sultan Moulay Rachid, who pursues an active Saharan policy. 1675 Moulay Ismail sends expeditions to Ouadane and Tichit, Mauritania. late 17th–early 18th centuries Ascendancy of the Oulad Tidrarin early 18th century Following a rebellion against Moulay Ismail, the Oulad Bou Sbaa migrate from Morocco to Western Sahara. late 18th century Oulad Tidrarin in eclipse; they begin paying horma to the Oulad Delim. 1765 Spain unsuccessfully tries to get Morocco’s agreement to reestablish Santa Cruz de Mar Pequeña. 1767 In the Spanish-Moroccan Treaty of Marrakesh (May 28), the sultan disclaims the ability to control the tribes south of the Oued Noun. 19th century Rise of the Reguibat to dominant position. CHRONOLOGY • xxv c. 1866–1880 Period of internecine warfare among the Reguibat, Oulad Bou Sbaa, and other tribes. 1881 The Compañía de Pesquerías Canario-Africanas sets up a trading pontoon at Dakhla. 1882 King Hassan I of Morocco restores the sultanate’s control over the Oued Noun. 1883 Founding of the Compañ ía Comercial Hispano-Africana. 1884 February: The Compañía Comercial Hispano-Africana establishes a trading post at Dakhla. December 26: Spain declares a protectorate over Río de Oro, the Cape Blanc peninsula, and Angra de Cintra. 1885 March 9: The Oulad Delim attack the Spanish installation at Villa Cisneros (Dakhla). June: Emilio Bonelli reoccupies Dakhla. July
Page 1 and 2: Historical Dictionary of Western Sa
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Page 5 and 6: Preface As was the case in the seco
Page 7 and 8: Reader’s Notes The Western Sahara
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