Historical Dictionary of Western Sahara Third ... - Scarecrow Press

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xl • CHRONOLOGY to Morocco. November 3: In a ceremony in Bergen, Norway, Sidi Mohammed Daddach receives the prestigious Rafto Human Rights Prize. November 8: In a televised speech, King Mohamed VI of Morocco says that the UN referendum plan for Western Sahara is no longer valid and that his country will never accept a plebiscite. 2003 January 14–17: James Baker visits Western Sahara and the adjoining region. January 30: The UN Security Council votes to extend the MINURSO mandate to March 31, 2003, as Baker attempts to modify his Framework Agreement Proposal to the satisfaction of Morocco and the Polisario Front. May 23: James Baker formally presents his Peace Plan for Self-Determination of the People of Western Sahara; it calls for internal autonomy under Moroccan rule for 4–5 years prior to a referendum but delineates the responsibilities of both parties to a greater extent than Baker’s June 2001 plan. June–July: Morocco rejects Baker’s second plan; Algeria and Polisario criticize some elements of it, but to a lesser degree than Baker’s first plan. Late July: The Polisario Front, in a desire to politically isolate Morocco, and under Algerian pressure to compromise, officially accepts the second Baker Plan. July 31: The UN Security Council passes Resolution 1495, urging all parties to work toward the implementation of Baker’s second peace proposal. August 7: Alvaro de Soto, a Peruvian diplomat, replaces William Lacy Swing as UN Special Representative for Western Sahara. September–December: Morocco continues to reject the implementation of James Baker’s second settlement proposal, calling it incompatible with its “territorial integrity” and “sovereignty”; Rabat’s position is supported by French President Jacques Chirac and his Foreign Minister, Dominique de Villepin. November 8: Polisario releases 300 Moroccan prisoners of war to the custody of the International Committee of the Red Cross in Tindouf; the son of Libyan leader Col. Muammar el-Qadaffi, Seif al-Islam el-Qadaffi, plays a critical mediation role. 2004 March 5: MINURSO and UNHCR begin a series of reciprocal “confidence-building” visits by Saharawi families living both in the Tindouf-area refugee camps and in the Moroccan-administered areas of Western Sahara. April 23: Morocco reiterates its rejection of James Baker’s second peace plan; Kofi Annan asks the Security Council for a 10-month extension of MINURSO’s mandate and says the mission
CHRONOLOGY • xli could be disbanded if no further progress toward a settlement is made. April 29: The Security Council adopts Resolution 1541, declining to issue an ultimatum to the parties regarding the possible end of MIN- URSO and extending the mission’s mandate until October 31, 2004. June 11: James Baker resigns as the UN secretary-general’s personal envoy to Western Sahara. September 15: South Africa formally recognizes the SADR. 2005 May 20–June 4: At least 100 Saharawis are injured in anti-Moroccan protests inside Western Sahara, with dozens of arrests also reported. June 23: Kenya recognizes the SADR. June 30: Hametti Ould Abedelaziz Rabbani, a former SADR minister of justice and high Polisario official, defects to Morocco. July 26: Kofi Annan appoints Peter van Walsum, a retired diplomat from the Netherlands, as his new personal envoy to Western Sahara, replacing James Baker. August 3: In Mauritania, President Ould Taya is overthrown in a bloodless coup de’ètat led by Col. Ely Ould Mohamed Vall; this was not expected to result in any substantive change in Mauritania’s Western Sahara policy. August 5: A longtime UN official, Francesco Bastagli of Italy, is appointed the new UN Special Representative for Western Sahara, replacing Alvaro de Soto. August 18: The Polisario Front releases all 404 of its remaining Moroccan prisoners of war; some had been in detention for as long as 23 years. September–October: Protests against the Moroccan government continue inside Western Sahara. October 28: Despite continuing overall pessimism on the prospects for a peace settlement, the UN Security Council adopts Resolution 1634, extending MINURSO’s mandate to April 30, 2006.
Page 1 and 2: Historical Dictionary of Western Sa
Page 3 and 4: Editor’s Foreword While nearly al
Page 5 and 6: Preface As was the case in the seco
Page 7 and 8: Reader’s Notes The Western Sahara
Page 9 and 10: Acronyms and Abbreviations AMD Alli
Page 11 and 12: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS • xix
Page 13 and 14: Chronology c. 5000 BC Beginning of
Page 15 and 16: 1578-1603 Moroccan Sultan Ahmed el-
Page 17 and 18: continues his resistance until 1919
Page 19 and 20: er 20: UN General Assembly calls fo
Page 21 and 22: CHRONOLOGY • xxxi Morocco, Maurit
Page 23 and 24: CHRONOLOGY • xxxiii down several
Page 25 and 26: CHRONOLOGY • xxxv Council unanimo
Page 27 and 28: CHRONOLOGY • xxxvii period.” No
Page 29: CHRONOLOGY • xxxix they would sup
Page 33 and 34: xliv • INTRODUCTION 1960s and ext
Page 35 and 36: xlvi • INTRODUCTION Ibn Tashfin,
Page 37 and 38: xlviii • INTRODUCTION the 19th ce
Page 39 and 40: l • INTRODUCTION was afflicted by
Page 41 and 42: lii • INTRODUCTION (ICJ) for a de
Page 43 and 44: liv • INTRODUCTION bringing the c
Page 45 and 46: lvi • INTRODUCTION decide its fut
Page 47 and 48: lviii • INTRODUCTION the characte
Page 49 and 50: lx • INTRODUCTION sponsor, Algeri
Page 51 and 52: lxii • INTRODUCTION made no menti
Page 53 and 54: lxiv • INTRODUCTION THE FUTURE By

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