Historical Dictionary of Western Sahara Third ... - Scarecrow Press

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xxxii • CHRONOLOGY Mauritania. October 20–21: Secret contacts between Polisario and Morocco in Bamako, Mali, fail to produce results. December 27: President Houari Boumedienne of Algeria dies. 1979 January 28: Polisario guerrillas fight their way into Tan-Tan. February 7: Col. Chadli Benjedid is chosen the new president of Algeria. April 6: Col. Ahmed Ould Bouceif becomes prime minister of Mauritania, as Col. Ould Salek remains titular head of state; the CMRN is replaced by the Comité Militaire de Salut National (CMSN). May 27: Col. Ould Bouceif is killed in a plane crash near Dakar, Senegal. May 31: Lt.-Col. Mohammed Khouna Ould Heydallah replaces Ould Bouceif as Mauritanian premier. June 3: Col. Ould Salek resigns from Mauritania’s presidency and is replaced by Lt.-Col. Mohammed Mahmoud Ould Ahmed Louly. August 5: Mauritania and the Polisario Front sign the Algiers Agreement; Mauritania renounces its claim to Western Sahara. August 12: Mauritania pulls out of its portion of Western Sahara, called Tiris el-Gharbia. August 14: Morocco unilaterally annexes Tiris el-Gharbia, renaming it Oued ed-Dahab. August 24: Polisario forces overrun the southern Moroccan town of Lebouirate. October 6: Polisario briefly captures Smara. October 14: Polisario captures Mahbes. November 21: The UN General Assembly urges Morocco and Polisario to engage in direct negotiations. 1980 March 3: King Hassan reaffirms that Western Sahara’s possession by Morocco is an “irreversible historical reality.” June 14: The phosphate mines at Bou-Craa are officially shut down after production is disrupted by Polisario attacks starting in January 1976. July 1–4: At an OAU summit in Freetown, Sierra Leone, 26 of 51 African states declare their support for the SADR’s admission to the OAU member state; Morocco threatens to withdraw from the organization if membership is granted. 1981 May: Morocco claims to have built a continuous system of “defensive walls” in the north of Western Sahara, encompassing El-Ayoun, Smara, and Bou-Craa. June 26: King Hassan accepts the principle of an OAU-sponsored referendum at a summit of the African body in Nairobi. July–August: Backtracking from his pledge, King Hassan states that a referendum could only be for the purpose of “confirming” Morocccan sovereignty. October 13: Polisario stages a series of attacks on the Moroccan army, overrunning Guelta Zemmour and shooting
CHRONOLOGY • xxxiii down several aircraft. November 7–9: Morocco abandons both Guelta Zemmour and Bir Enzaren. 1982 February 22–23: OAU secretary-general Edem Kodjo formally admits the SADR to full membership. May 6: Morocco says its defensive walls now extend south to Boujdour. October 28: Spanish elections bring Socialist Felipe González to power. October 29: In an effort to break an impasse at the OAU over the SADR’s membership, the Polisario Front says it will “voluntarily and temporarily” absent itself from the upcoming summit conference. November 25: The OAU summit in Tripoli collapses in a dispute over Chad. 1983 January 25: Moroccan Gen. Ahmed Dlimi is reported killed in an automobile accident, but speculation abounds he was assassinated by King Hassan for plotting a coup. February 26: King Hassan and Chadli Benjedid meet for the first time to discuss Western Sahara. June 6: An OAU summit in Addis Ababa fails to start due to continuing disputes over the SADR’s membership. June 8: The summit goes forward after the SADR again absents itself. June 10: The OAU adopts Resolution 104, naming Morocco and Polisario as the only two parties to the Western Sahara conflict; it directs its Implementation Committee to prepare for a plebiscite in the territory. August–September: Fierce battles between Morocco and Polisario; Polisario claims that 767 Moroccan soldiers have been killed. 1984 February 27: Mauritania recognizes the SADR. May–July: Additional Morocco-Polisario fighting throughout Western Sahara. November 12–16: At the 20th annual OAU summit, the SADR takes its seat as a full member with no serious opposition; Morocco permanently withdraws from the organization in protest. December 12: In Mauritania, President Ould Heydallah is overthrown by Col. Maaouiya Ould Sid’Ahmed Taya. 1985 January 27: Polisario’s second-in-command, Bachir Mustapha Sayed, meets secretly in Lisbon with Moroccan Interior Minister Driss Basri. April 13: Morocco and Mauritania resume diplomatic relations after a four-year break. May–September: Morocco’s defensive walls are extended south into the Guelta Zemmour region. October 1: India recognizes the SADR, although its recognition is withdrawn in 2000. December 2: The UN General Assembly adopts
Page 1 and 2: Historical Dictionary of Western Sa
Page 3 and 4: Editor’s Foreword While nearly al
Page 5 and 6: Preface As was the case in the seco
Page 7 and 8: Reader’s Notes The Western Sahara
Page 9 and 10: Acronyms and Abbreviations AMD Alli
Page 11 and 12: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS • xix
Page 13 and 14: Chronology c. 5000 BC Beginning of
Page 15 and 16: 1578-1603 Moroccan Sultan Ahmed el-
Page 17 and 18: continues his resistance until 1919
Page 19 and 20: er 20: UN General Assembly calls fo
Page 21: CHRONOLOGY • xxxi Morocco, Maurit
Page 25 and 26: CHRONOLOGY • xxxv Council unanimo
Page 27 and 28: CHRONOLOGY • xxxvii period.” No
Page 29 and 30: CHRONOLOGY • xxxix they would sup
Page 31 and 32: CHRONOLOGY • xli could be disband
Page 33 and 34: xliv • INTRODUCTION 1960s and ext
Page 35 and 36: xlvi • INTRODUCTION Ibn Tashfin,
Page 37 and 38: xlviii • INTRODUCTION the 19th ce
Page 39 and 40: l • INTRODUCTION was afflicted by
Page 41 and 42: lii • INTRODUCTION (ICJ) for a de
Page 43 and 44: liv • INTRODUCTION bringing the c
Page 45 and 46: lvi • INTRODUCTION decide its fut
Page 47 and 48: lviii • INTRODUCTION the characte
Page 49 and 50: lx • INTRODUCTION sponsor, Algeri
Page 51 and 52: lxii • INTRODUCTION made no menti
Page 53 and 54: lxiv • INTRODUCTION THE FUTURE By

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