orchids and orchidology in central america. 500 ... - lankesteriana.org

More documents

Recommendations

Info

174 visited also Chiapas in 1906. Cook had graduated from Syracuse University and was later employed by the New York State Colonization Society, making three trips to Liberia to prepare for the ‘repatriation of the American Negro’. In 1898 he entered the service of the United States Agricultural Department and was in charge of the introduction of tropical plants. He was an authority on pre-Columbian agriculture. Robert F. Griggs would later be famous for directing the expeditions to Alaska of the National Geographic Society between 1915 and 1919. From Cook and Griggs we have several collections of Orchidaceae, all made in Guatemala: Cyrtopodium punctatum (L.) Lindl. (Cook & Griggs 368), Leochilus labiatus (Sw.) O. Ktze. (Cook & Griggs 24), Pleurothallis circumplexa Lindl. (Cook & Griggs 456), Scaphyglottis confusa (Schltr.) Ames & Correll (Cook & Griggs 401), Scaphyglottis minutiflora Ames & Correll (Cook & Griggs 267), Scaphyglottis prolifera Cogn. (Cook & Griggs 840), and Spiranthes funckiana A. Rich. & Gal. (Cook & Griggs 66). “... A young botanist from the United States collected nearly a thousand numbers in Belize between 1905 and 1907… Morton E. Peck (1871-1959) probably doubled the number of Belize specimens which then existed in the world’s herbaria” (Balick et al., 2000: 15). It was the first large collection to come from the colony (Williams, 1972: 203). Before Peck’s arrival, the region was practically unknown botanically. Peck came to Belize sponsored by the Iowa State College and collected mainly in the region of the Manatee River (district of Belize). His specimens were identified by B. Robinson of the Gray Herbarium and we find among them 53 species of plants new to science. Among Peck’s collections we find Corymborkis forcipigera (Rchb. f. & Warsz.) L.O. Williams (Peck 610), Habenaria mesodactyla Griseb. (Peck 966) Huntleya fasciata Fowlie (Peck s.n.), and Huntleya lucida (Rolfe) Rolfe (Peck s.n.). Charles Clemons Deam (1871-1959) began collecting plants in the last years of the XIX century, when his doctor ordered long walks to counteract ill effects of his job. From then on he dedicated most of his time to botanical interests. At first he considered the whole world his subject and made some trips to Central America at the turn of the century to collect plants there. Soon after, though, he decided to LANKESTERIANA LANKESTERIANA 9(1—2), August 2009. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2009. concentrate on Indiana and by the end of his career claimed that he had been in and collected plants from every township of the state. By the time he gave his herbarium to Indiana University it contained at least 63,000 specimens, some of which he was first to identify. Deam traveled to México in 1900 (he collected in Oaxaca and Morelos) and to Guatemala in 1904 and 1909, where his collections centered on the regions of Zacapa, Izabal and Petén. In Guatemala he discovered the type of Epidendrum deamii Schltr. (Deam 6198, Guatemala) and collected many other orchids, such as: Epidendrum adenocarpum La Llave & Lex. (Deam 6249B), Epidendrum aromaticum Batem. (Deam 6073), Epidendrum chinense (Lindl.) Ames (Deam 212), Nageliella purpurea (Lindl.) L. O. Williams (Deam 6084), and Spiranthes tonduzii Schltr. (Deam 96). Charles Deam had a strong, frequently violent temper. He became a botanist of world fame although he never earned a university degree. In his honor, his admirers named Lake Deam, in Hoosier National Park. Three universities gave him honorary titles. William Ashbrook Kellerman (1850-1908) was the first professor of Botany at the University of Eastern Ohio and founded the herbarium of this learning center in 1891. In 1905 he began a series of travels to Guatemala, convincing the University to approve the idea of a School of Tropical Botany. Unfortunately, Kellerman’s career ended abruptly, a fatal victim of a tropical disease during his fourth excursion to Guatemala. Ames & Correll mention some of his collections of Orchidaceae in Guatemala: Epidendrum clowesii Batem. ex Lindl. (Kellerman 6036), Laelia glauca (Lindl.) Benth. (Kellerman 5566), Maxillaria densa Lindl. (Kellerman 6703), Maxillaria variabilis Batem. (Kellerman 7043), Prescottia tubulosa (Lindl.) L. O. Williams (Kellerman 5577), and Spiranthes hemichrea Lindl. (Kellerman 6564). In 1904, U. S. botanist George P. Goll ( - ), who worked for the Smithsonian Institution, collected several species of orchids in Guatemala, among them the type of Cranichis pseudociliata Schltr. (Goll 205). Goll also collected: Campylocentrum micranthum (Lindl.) Rolfe (Goll 71), Cranichis sylvatica A. Rich. & Gal. (Goll 205), Habenaria monorrhiza (Sw.) Rchb. f. (Goll 172), Oncidium ensatum Lindl. (Goll 135), and Sobralia decora Batem. (Goll 48).
ossenbaCh — Orchids and orchidology in Central America Frederick Lewis Lewton (1874-1959), collaborator of the Smithsonian Institution, made several collections of Orchidaceae in Guatemala during the year 1906, among which we find specimens of: Dichaea hystricina Rchb. f. (Lewton 439), Dichaea panamensis Lindl. (Lewton 272), Notylia barkeri Lindl. (Lewton 276), Oncidium pusillum (L.) Rchb. f. (Lewton 293), Oncidium sphacelatum Lindl. (Lewton 305), and Scaphyglottis minutiflora Ames & Correll (Lewton 268). In 1912, Lewton was named curator of the Division of Textile Plants of the U. S. National Museum. He is remembered in Polygala lewtonii Small (Polygalaceae), collected by him in 1894. Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell (1866-1948), a man who was an internationally known scientist, a prolific writer, and a highly regarded teacher at the University of Colorado in Boulder, was the elder brother of the noted British scholar Sir Sydney Cockerell and labored in relative obscurity in America while his brothers and their families were basking in the limelight of smart British society. He became the greatest specialist on bees in the world. His contribution to the understanding of wild bees is monumental and by 1938 he had published the names and descriptions of 5,480 new species and subspecies. Of special interest to this story is his discovery of “the orchid bee” Euglossa imperialis Cockerell (1922), the most abundant orchid bee in lowland forest in Panama. Cockerell published his Notes on Lycaste (1919), where he described Lycaste alba (Dombrain) Cockerell as a new species, based on living plants that his wife had brought from Guatemala several years earlier. Rolfe refuted the new species, that has since then been maintained as a variety of Lycaste skinneri (Bateman ex Lindl.) Lindl. Sidney Fay Blake (1892-1959) was a precocious botanist, who at the age of 18 had already written three important papers on botanical matters. He graduated from Harvard University and in 1918 was named assistant botanist of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. He traveled in this position to Honduras and Guatemala in 1919. In this last country he collected some orchids: Spiranthes guyanensis (Lindl.) Cogn. (Blake 7609), and Spiranthes tortilis (Sw.) L. C. Rich. (Blake 7567). Blake became famous for his work Geographical Guide to the Floras of the World , which he published together with Alice Cary Atwood (Blake, 1942-1961). 175 Joseph Harry Johnson (1894-1987) arrived in Guatemala in December of 1919 and made very important collections in the region of Alta Verapaz. A dozen new species were described among Johnson’s collections: Epidendrum neurosum Ames (Johnson 141), Epidendrum pachyrachis Ames (Johnson 305), Epidendrum prorepens Ames (Johnson 234), Lepanthes appendiculata Ames (Johnson 879), Lepanthes inaequalis Schltr. (Johnson 886), Lepanthes johnsonii Ames (Johnson 420), Pleurothallis abjecta Ames (Johnson 905), Pleurothallis amethystina Ames (Johnson 878), Pleurothallis johnsonii Ames (Johnson 901), Pleurothallis samacensis Ames (Johnson 765), Stelis chihobensis Ames (Johnson 939), and Stelis johnsonii Ames (Johnson 252). Herbert Spinden (1879-1967) was born in South Dakota. During his teen years, he worked on the railroad and eventually went to Alaska in search of gold. Spinden went on to attend Harvard University from 1902 until 1909, where he received his Ph.D. in Anthropology. In 1920 he took the position of curator at the American Indian Art and Primitive Cultures Museum at the Brooklyn Institute and spent the rest of his life studying the Mayan civilization. He visited the main archeological sites in Yucatán, Guatemala, Honduras and Belize. He tried unsuccessfully to convince Ames to travel with him to Yucatan. During one of his trips to Central America in 1923, and probably induced by Ames, he collected several species of orchids in the north coast of Honduras and in Guatemala: Brassia caudata (L.) Lindl. (Spinden s.n., Honduras), Chysis bractescens Lindl. (Spinden s.n., Guatemala), Epidendrum cochelatum L. (Spinden s.n., Guatemala), Epidendrum condylochilum Lehm. & Kraenzl. (Spinden s.n., Guatemala), Epidendrum stamfordiaunum Batem. (Spinden s.n., Guatemala), Ionopsis utricularioides (Sw.) Lindl. (Spinden s.n., Honduras), Maxillaria densa Lindl. (Spinden s.n., Guatemala), Maxillaria tenuifolia Lindl. (Spinden s.n., Guatemala), Meyracyllium trinasutum Rchb. f. (Spinden s.n., Guatemala), Oncidium sphacelatum Lindl. (Spinden s.n., Guatemala), Scaphyglottis behrii (Rchb. f.) Benth. & Hook. (Spinden s.n., Honduras), Stelis perplexa Ames (Spinden s.n., Honduras), and Pleurothallis ophiocephala Lindl. (Spinden s.n., Guatemala). Later, in 1924, he published a work on which he had been working on for four years and with LANKESTERIANA 9(1—2), August 2009. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2009.
Page 1 and 2:
LANKESTERIANA 9(1-2): 1-268. 2009.
Page 3 and 4:
In Belize, the Botanical Station wa
Page 5 and 6:
ossenbaCh — Orchids and orchidolo
Page 7 and 8:
despotism penetrated the social sec
Page 9 and 10:
A B C ossenbaCh — Orchids and orc
Page 11 and 12:
ut we believe that they resemble th
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco (Gómez-Po
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
A ossenbaCh — Orchids and orchido
Page 21 and 22:
C ossenbaCh — Orchids and orchido
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
C ossenbaCh — Orchids and orchido
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
The expedition split in two and in
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
A C ossenbaCh — Orchids and orchi
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
A C ossenbaCh — Orchids and orchi
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
B A ossenbaCh — Orchids and orchi
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
A B ossenbaCh — Orchids and orchi
Page 75 and 76:
The German-Belgian connection ossen
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
William Walker in Central America o
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
The Mexican Empire of Maximilian of
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Other travelers in Central America
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124: ossenbaCh — Orchids and orchidolo
Page 147 and 148: A C ossenbaCh — Orchids and orchi
Page 167 and 168: A ossenbaCh — Orchids and orchido
Page 173: ossenbaCh — Orchids and orchidolo
Page 185 and 186: institution in the research of the
Page 213 and 214: A B C ossenbaCh — Orchids and orc
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
show all

orchids and orchidology in central america. 500 ... - lankesteriana.org

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?