orchids and orchidology in central america. 500 ... - lankesteriana.org

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184 A LANKESTERIANA C D Figure 55. A — Louis Otho Williams (1908-1991). Courtesy of L. D. Gómez. B — Otto Porsch (1875-1959). Courtesy of Ronald Díaz Bolaños. C — Giorgio Cufodontis (1896-1974). Courtesy of Ronald Díaz Bolaños. D — Walter Kupper (1874-1953). Courtesy of Günter Gerlach. LANKESTERIANA 9(1—2), August 2009. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2009. B
institution in the research of the orchids of Panama, especially after Paul H. Allen arrived at the Tropical Station in 1934. Both the Field Museum and the Missouri Botanical Garden established the world’s major collections of Central and South American plants. The Flora of Panama (I) “In the western hemisphere, the mountainous area comprising the present Republics of Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia probably has the richest, and most highly developed of the several complex orchid floras…” Paul H. Allen (1953: 20) In the 1930s and 1940s, a number of resident and foreign botanists had collected orchids in Panama. However, although Pittier had included the country’s orchids in the final reports of the biological survey of the Smithsonian (1912), Schlechter had published his Orchidaceae Powellianae Panamenses (1922) and the Orchidaceae were part of Standley’s floras of Barro Colorado (1927) and the Canal Zone (1928), no formal orchid flora of Panama would be published until the last years of the first half of the XX century. “[French-born] A. M. Butcher, who had changed his name from Bouché, brought his family to the isthmus in 1907 and went to work for the Canal on the construction of the Gatún Spillway and hydroelectric plant that supplied the electricity and power to run the Canal” (Anonymous, 1970: 3). Two sons of Butcher (or Bouché) are important in our story. One of them, Adrien, kept his original French family name; the other, Henry, went along with his father and named himself Butcher. During his many years on the Isthmus, Adrien M. Bouché (1898 - ) “spent his spare time rambling around the country as a botanist, researching local plants and passing on the information he gathered to drug companies, research laboratories and other scientific institutions…. His extensive plant research has not been limited to pharmaceutical plants alones. Bouché has also devoted many years to collecting and studying flowering plants and parasites and has several varieties of orchids named for him”(Anonymous, 1970: 3). Among his collections is the type of Sobralia bouchei Ames & Schweinf. (A.M. Bouché ossenbaCh — Orchids and orchidology in Central America 185 s.n.- 1930). Other collections by Bouché include Oncidium ochmatochilum Rchb. f. (A.M. Bouché 9), Epidendrum oncidioides var. ramonense (Rchb. f.) Ames, Hubb. & Schweinf. (A.M. Bouché 10),and Sobralia atropubescens Ames & C. Schweinfurth (A.M. Bouché 2755). Henry P. Butcher was known for his keen knowledge of the orchids of Panama and collected for more than 50 years between 1933 and 1986, although he had never received any botanical education. He lived in the area of Volcán, province of Chiriquí, and among his specimens we find Sievekingia suavis Rchb. f. (Butcher s.n.), Kegeliella kupperi Mansf. (Butcher s.n.), Stanhopea pulla Rchb. f. (Butcher s.n.), Coryanthes maculata Lindl. (Butcher s.n.), Telipogon dendriticus Rchb. f., and the type of Gongora maculata Lindl. var. latibasis C. Schweinf. & Allen (Butcher s.n.). Dressler wrote to him, with some frustration: “This business of new species turning up in two or three places at once is unnerving. It makes me wonder if we really know anything about Central American orchids or not” (Letter from Dressler to Butcher, July 1, 1963). So many species were discovered thanks to Butcher’s collections that Dressler wrote to him in 1963: “Cal [Dodson] and I have been talking for a couple of years of doing a supplement to the Orchids of Panama. … There have been many species added to the flora of Panama since the orchid section was published, especially through your collections…” (Letter from Dressler to Butcher, May 10, 1963). Named in Butcher’s honor were: Dryadella butcheri Luer, Masdevallia butcheri Luer, Pleurothallis butcheri L.O. Williams, Sievekingia butcheri Dressler, Stelis butcheri Luer, Stellilabium butcheri Dressler, Telipogon butcheri Dodson & R. Escobar. Of interest are Butcher’s Notes from Panama (1959 & 1965), where he describes his orchid collecting adventures in that country. Butcher had a life-long relation with the Missouri Botanical Garden and with many renowned botanists from his time: Louis Williams, Walter Lindsay, Alex D. Hawkes, Alphonse Heller, Robert E. Woodson, Leslie A. Garay, Carl Withner, Clarence Horich, P. Allen, Robert L. Dressler and Charles Schweinfurth. E. D. Starry collected in Panama in July and August, 1931. Among his specimens we find Palmorchis powellii (Ames) C. Schweinf. & Correll (Starry 323) and Catasetum viridiflavum Hook. (Starry 119). LANKESTERIANA 9(1—2), August 2009. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2009.
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LANKESTERIANA 9(1-2): 1-268. 2009.
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