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use on their premises. For example, the Environment Agency has set itself a target of 5.1 m 3 per full time employee per year for 2006/07. In the GLA, non-potable water from a borehole cools City Hall, London, and then diverts into the toilet cisterns. Hence the potable water use in City Hall is low. 3.43 Non-domestic or commercial water use is divided into non-service and service sectors 54 . Commercial water use for Thames Water’s London resource zone for 2006/07 is estimated to be 412 Ml/d, with 82 per cent attributed to the services sectors and 18 per cent to non-services. Leakage from commercial supply pipes was some 1.5 per cent of total commercial water delivered. Thames Water estimates that whilst overall commercial demand will grow over the next 25 years by some eight per cent, the non-service sector’s demand will reduce by 32 per cent. This will be offset by an increase of 18 per cent from the services sector. Figure 3.3 The components of non-household water consumption 3.44 Commercial water efficiency therefore has a significant potential to save water, for example buildings with high occupancy rates, such as schools, hotels and office blocks, could replace urinals with waterless varieties, making significant savings (a standard urinal can use around six to ten litres of water every flush). Thames Water’s ‘Liquid Assets’ project has shown significant saving from water efficiency in commerce. The project, launched in September 2006, embarked on a water audit programme for the public sector, with over 240 public sector sites (ranging from primary schools to sports centres) participating in a water audit that identified potential leaks and made recommendations on how to reduce water consumption. In addition, Thames Water provided funding for some sites to install recommended water efficient technologies. Over 4,300 measures have been funded and installed, including new urinal controls, push taps and cistern devices with reported saving in the region of 500,000 litres per day. Other services 45.9% Agriculture, horticulture, forestry and fishing 1.4% Hotels, bars and restaurants 16.0% Wholesale and retail 6.1% Education and health 17.6% Other manufacturing 3.1% Transport and manufacture of transport equipment 3.3% Food and drink manufacture 6.6% 53
54 The Mayor’s draft water strategy 3.45 Businesses that want to know more about how they can save water should contact their water supplier for advice. Thames Water (like many other water companies) offer free water audits to commercial customers and its Water Regulations Audit Programme offers technical advice on water saving devices and measures. Envirowise offers UK businesses free, independent advice and support on ways to increase profits, minimise waste (including water use) and reduce environmental impact 55 . The Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) scheme allows businesses to claim 100 per cent first year capital allowances on investments in technologies and products included in the ECA list of water efficient technologies 56 . Table 3.4 Rainwater and grey water sources and end use Reclaimed water 3.46 By ‘reclaimed water’, this strategy refers to the use of rainwater and grey water for non-potable uses, such as toilet flushing and outdoor water use. The public has a general understanding of water distribution based on a single supply of drinking-quality water. Changing their acceptance of a single supply system to two separate systems – one for drinking-quality water and another of lower quality water for non-potable uses – is a key to the success of reclaimed water. 3.47 There are no UK specific legal requirements defining an acceptable standard for grey water However, rainwater correctly collected and stored can be used for toilet Rainwater Grey water Sources End use Sources End use Roof guttering Toilet flushing Car washing Plant watering Table 3.5 Acceptable water quality for reclaimed water Toilet flushing Plant watering (non-edible plants) Car washing (spray) Wash basins Baths Showers Use Requirement Source: BSRIA Water reclamation standard 58 Total coliforms (counts/100ml)
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