use of metal templates for microcavity formation in alumina
use of metal templates for microcavity formation in alumina
use of metal templates for microcavity formation in alumina
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2.3. Properties and Applications <strong>of</strong> Titanium, Sta<strong>in</strong>less Steel and<br />
Copper<br />
2.3.1. Titanium<br />
Titanium is an allotropic element; that is, it exists <strong>in</strong> more than one<br />
crystallographic <strong>for</strong>m. The Kroll process is the method <strong>use</strong>d to ref<strong>in</strong>e titanium ore to<br />
<strong>metal</strong>lic titanium (Lautenschlager and Monaghan, 1993). At room temperature, titanium<br />
has hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystal structure, which is referred as “alpha” (α)<br />
phase. On heat<strong>in</strong>g this structure trans<strong>for</strong>ms to a body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal<br />
structure, called “beta” (β) phase at 882.5° C (Kotian, 2011). Figure 2.3 shows crystal<br />
structure <strong>of</strong> HCP α and BCC β phase. Table 2.4 gives lattice parameters <strong>of</strong> titanium at<br />
room temperature.<br />
Figure 2.3. Crystal structure <strong>of</strong> HCP α and BCC β phase<br />
(Source: Leyens et al., 2003)<br />
Table 2.4. Room temperature lattice parameters <strong>of</strong> titanium<br />
(Source: Murray, 1987).<br />
Crystal<br />
Structure<br />
Lattice Parameters<br />
a (nm) c (nm) c/a<br />
HCP 0.295 0.468 1.587<br />
7
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