NATURAL RESOURCES OF SRI LANKA

More documents

Recommendations

Info

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 5 Growth of Households and Family Formations Size of Households Forecast of Households HOUSING Growth of Housing Stock Quality of Housing Units Materials of Construction Age of Housing Stock Occupancy and Overcrowding Type of Lighting Main Sources of Drinking Water Toilet Facilities POPULATION AND DOMESTIC FOOD PRODUCTION LABOR SUPPLY Population of Working Age Employment by Industry Sector Occupational Distribution Employment Growth Required to Match Labor Supply Economic Conditions and Trends HISTORICAL BACKGROUND RESOURCE AVAILABILITY AND PERFORMANCE IN THE ECONOMY Gross Domestic Product Sectoral Contribution: Agriculture Industry Services and Construction Imports RESOURCE UTILIZATION Trends in Consumption and Investment Exports MICRO-ECONOMIC UMITATIONS AND PRESSURES Unemployment Income Distribution and Poverty Malnutrition POUCY IMPACT Environmental Degradation and Economic Development Energy Resources ELECTRICITY DEMAND ROLE <strong>OF</strong> HYDROPOWER Thermal Generation Options Economic and Social Costs of Hydropower PETROLEUM SUPPLY AND DEMAND • 30 30 32 32 32 32 32 32 35 35 35 35 40 44 44 45 45 45 53 53 55 55 55 58 60 60 60 60 62 64 64 66 66 67 67 71 71 74 75 76 77 V
VI Supply and Processing 77 Sources of Demand 77 BIOMASSFUEL 81 • Consumption 81 • Future Demand Trends 81 Source of Biomass Fuel 83 M Future Trends in Supplies 83 • Economic and Social Costs of Fuelwood 85 Other Biofuel Resources 85 M MAIN ISSUES AND INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSES 87 • Electricity 87 Conservation 87 • Biomas Fuel 88 Land" Resources 97 PARTI-LAND <strong>RESOURCES</strong> AND USE 1956 TO PRESENT 99 I PRESENT USE 100 P Plantation Agriculture — Focus on Tea 100 Cultivation — Focus on Paddy . 107 I Grasslands 108 Forest Gardens 108 ALLOCATION FOR SUITABILITY AND SUSTAINABIUTY 108 Soils of Sri Lanka 108 Suitability analysis 108 Lands use Allocation Problems and needs 111 POUCIES AND INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSES 111 Land Ownership 111 Major Land Tenure Laws 112 Government Responsibilities 115 Findings of the Land Commission 116 PART II - LAND DEGRADATION 119 Soil Erosion 119 Landslides and Related Phenomena 123 Coastal Erosion 127 Salinity and Waterlogging 128 EVALUATING IMPACTS AND PRIORITIES 129 • INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSES 131 • Allocation of Authority 131 Long-term Planning 131 • Providing Resources 132 * Inter-agency Coordination 132 I I I I I I I I I I I
Page 1 and 2: 1 I I Hi- I I .1 Ii I Ii i I l I Il
Page 3 and 4: Sponsored by the United States Agen
Page 5: « . I I I Contents I I Research Te
Page 9 and 10: VIII 8 Mineral Resources 181 GEMSTO
Page 11 and 12: FUNCTION AND VALUES 261 | Flood Sto
Page 14 and 15: I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II ,
Page 16 and 17: I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Page 18 and 19: I I I I I I I I I p I i : I I I I I
Page 20 and 21: I I I I I I I I I n 1 • i I I I I
Page 22 and 23: Introduction
Page 24 and 25: I I I I i i i [ ; ! i I i i i I i i
Page 26 and 27: I I I I I I I I I I i [ • i I I I
Page 28 and 29: I I I Heritage 15 HSSA WEWA (JAYA W
Page 30 and 31: I I I I I I I II I half of the nine
Page 32 and 33: I I I I Heritage ig
Page 34 and 35: 3 Population Profile Population Gro
Page 36 and 37: I I j I I I ; ; 1 I I ( I I I I I I
Page 38 and 39: I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I I I I
Page 40 and 41: I I I I I I I I I II • Ï I I I I
Page 42 and 43: I I I I I I I II I I 1 I I I I I I
Page 44 and 45: I I I Ii • I I I 1 j I I I I I I
Page 46 and 47: I I I I I I I I I j I I j • I I I
Page 48 and 49: I I I I I I I 1 I I I I ! I I I I I
Page 50 and 51: I I I I I I I I I I: i i i i i t i
Page 52 and 53: I I I I I I I 1 I Î I I I I I I I
Page 54 and 55: I I i i i i i i i i I i i i i i i i
Page 56 and 57:
I I I I I I I i i 11 Water Supply a
Page 58 and 59:
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Page 60 and 61:
I I I I I I I I I I I j • I I I I
Page 62 and 63:
I I I I I I I I I i ; I I i I i •
Page 64 and 65:
I I I i ! ' 1 I i It I I I I I I I
Page 66 and 67:
I I I I I I I I \ I t I ! I I I I 4
Page 68 and 69:
I I I I I II : I I service ratio in
Page 70 and 71:
I I I Economics 57 The Price Of Pol
Page 72 and 73:
I I I I I 100 80 60 40 20 1972 1975
Page 74 and 75:
120 100 80- 60 40- 20 Percentage Ec
Page 76 and 77:
300 250 200- 150 100 so 0 111 280 2
Page 78 and 79:
I I I I I I I I I I I r ; I I I i I
Page 80 and 81:
I I I I I I II I I Ii 1 I ii I I I
Page 82 and 83:
1 i i i i 1 Economies 5g
Page 84 and 85:
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 •
Page 86 and 87:
I I I ; ! ; I I I I I I I If : I I
Page 88 and 89:
I I I I I I I I I !; • i I I I I
Page 90 and 91:
I I I I I I I I I i ; ï I I I I l
Page 92 and 93:
I I I I I I I I I I n I I I I I I I
Page 94 and 95:
I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I r Ene
Page 96 and 97:
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I |I 1 I
Page 98 and 99:
I I I I I I I I I i É I 1 I Energy
Page 100 and 101:
I I I I I I 1 I p 1 I I Paddy husk
Page 102 and 103:
I I I I I I I I I I j 1 i I 1 I I I
Page 104 and 105:
I I I I I I I I I I I I p II I ! I
Page 106 and 107:
Total suspended particular (TSP) Ni
Page 108 and 109:
I I I I I I I I i I I I I I I I Kar
Page 110 and 111:
I I I I I I I I j I i ! I I s I 1
Page 112 and 113:
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I pi' U
Page 114 and 115:
I I I I i : I I I I I I I I I I I I
Page 116 and 117:
I i I M f. P Il j IM I ( •• r L
Page 118 and 119:
Land Districts* 3 lowest yielding d
Page 120 and 121:
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Ii I I
Page 122 and 123:
.,_~ Soil Group Reddish Brown Earth
Page 124 and 125:
I suitability of the lands for majo
Page 126 and 127:
Land FOREST GARDENS As Sri Lanka's
Page 128 and 129:
I I I I I I I I I I I j I j I I I I
Page 130 and 131:
I I I I Î I '. I I I II I Und 117
Page 132 and 133:
I i : ! ; I I j ! ; • r i \ . ! I
Page 134 and 135:
I I I I I I I! P I I I I I I I I YE
Page 136 and 137:
I I I I I I I I I I j I I; I I I I
Page 138 and 139:
I I I Ii ': I I ! I i . I I 1 I 1 I
Page 140 and 141:
I I !I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Page 142 and 143:
I I I I I I I I I I gradual emergen
Page 144 and 145:
not be affected seriously during th
Page 146 and 147:
References Abeysekera, W.A.T. (1986
Page 148 and 149:
I I I II I I I [ ! I i i i r I I La
Page 150 and 151:
7 Water Resources Historians studyi
Page 152 and 153:
Water Resources 139 River Basins of
Page 154 and 155:
I I I I l' ; I P r I I I i I I I I
Page 156 and 157:
Water Resources 143 Secular Changes
Page 158 and 159:
I I I I I I I I Water Resources Sur
Page 160 and 161:
I I I I I i I I :Ij I I I I I 1 dev
Page 162 and 163:
I I I I I I I II I Supply / Demand
Page 164 and 165:
I I I I Î I. Î ' I[ IIf I I" I Ii
Page 166 and 167:
I I I I I i ; I ir ': I I I I I I I
Page 168 and 169:
Water Resources 155
Page 170 and 171:
I I I I I I I With her small cities
Page 172 and 173:
I I I Water I I I I k i i i Resourc
Page 174 and 175:
I I Is • I I I I i I i; p I I ! I
Page 176 and 177:
I I I I I I I I [ I I rii i i i i i
Page 178 and 179:
I I I i ! i i i ! ! I I 1 I I I f W
Page 180 and 181:
I I I Sewage pumping ^^^H 10000 ^^^
Page 182 and 183:
Ground Water Ground water is increa
Page 184 and 185:
I I nI I Some Constituents of Mahaw
Page 186 and 187:
Water Resources 173 Ground Water Po
Page 188 and 189:
Population per ha 50 100 250 Source
Page 190 and 191:
I I I I j : I I I I I I i • I P I
Page 192 and 193:
I p I I i I I I I Î Î National Aq
Page 194 and 195:
I I I I I I I I I I IJ I I I I I I
Page 196 and 197:
I I I I I i i i • Year R«. Milli
Page 198 and 199:
I I I i i i i i i \ i i i i i i i i
Page 200 and 201:
I I Ï Mineral n Resources 187 The
Page 202 and 203:
m o 4 2 0 Thousand MT ! I 1fLU 1979
Page 204 and 205:
I I Î . j I ! I I I I I I I I I Ye
Page 206 and 207:
I I n i t i iI i i i f ! I I i I ft
Page 208 and 209:
I 1 I i Mineral Resources
Page 210 and 211:
I 9 Forest Resources Sri Lanka was
Page 212 and 213:
Forest Resources 199 The Natural Hi
Page 214 and 215:
Forest Forest Ownership 3-5- as Ove
Page 216 and 217:
I r ri Forest Resources 203 Mean An
Page 218 and 219:
I I H I I | " I I i t : i i continu
Page 220 and 221:
Forest Resources 207 Forest Plantat
Page 222 and 223:
! i H P ation, however, are regular
Page 224 and 225:
Forest Fuelwood - Future Trends The
Page 226 and 227:
I I Forest I Curtailing the Master
Page 228 and 229:
I I I p I i I ! : i ! ' I : I • i
Page 230 and 231:
Forests Grasslands Coastal and Mari
Page 232 and 233:
I I I ; I I j I I I I I I I I Biolo
Page 234 and 235:
I Ii • i • I I I Ii r 1. coasta
Page 236 and 237:
Kottawa Kanneliya Source: Gunatille
Page 238 and 239:
Out of Danger 1* Biological Diversi
Page 240 and 241:
I I Biological I 1 P 800 years ago.
Page 242 and 243:
I I I I I I I I I I i I 1 I I I I I
Page 244 and 245:
I I I Biological Diversity dipteroc
Page 246 and 247:
II I I 6 - Extent in Sq km (Thousan
Page 248 and 249:
I I I I I I I I I I i i I i I i Kot
Page 250 and 251:
I I I I I I I I I P I T 11 Coastal
Page 252 and 253:
I i I ! I I I Ten Fishery harbors s
Page 254 and 255:
I I i ! I ! i i I > I District Colo
Page 256 and 257:
I 2500 2000- 1500- Value in Million
Page 258 and 259:
Chllow Lagoon Neçombo 4 2 Lagoon K
Page 260 and 261:
I i ! Coastal Resources 247 Coral M
Page 262 and 263:
I I I I I I I I I j I I I I I I( I
Page 264 and 265:
I [ I I I i ii I I I I I is sometim
Page 266 and 267:
I I I I n I I [ ; I I I I I Coastal
Page 268 and 269:
I I I I I it-' [j • i •- r i i
Page 270 and 271:
I I I 257 i p i i i i i I 12 Inland
Page 272 and 273:
I I r I H I ! Ir I : - I r • i ;!
Page 274 and 275:
I I r ! I I I I I I I I I I I I dro
Page 276 and 277:
I I I I I I j f j I I i I I I I f,
Page 278 and 279:
I I r -• I I ri i I I I I I i i i
Page 280 and 281:
I i ( • • > ( • j . I I I 1 I
Page 282 and 283:
I II 1 I I I I I I sustainable use
Page 284 and 285:
I ÏÏ n n Toward Sustainable Devel
Page 286 and 287:
I I are already in use, paddy yield
Page 288 and 289:
n the Puttalam aquaculture industry
Page 290 and 291:
government agencies, including thos
Page 292 and 293:
exists in the preparation of studie
Page 294:
'V • (• • • Sponsored by th
show all

NATURAL RESOURCES OF SRI LANKA

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?