Working Paper on Irrealis, Imperative Mode and Complementation ...

findings and his in opposition. I will simply proceed along the lines of my derivational
approach to the question of irrealis and draw parallels with the findings of Oglobin where that
is useful.
The data set that I provide in this working paper represents a sample of a larger set of
examples and comments that I have been working on by drawing materials from my
translation notes. Since even in this form it is still quite lengthy I will include the data set as
the final section of this working paper. Since in the past many of us have had to depend
largely on the set of examples of OJ morphological and grammatical structures drawn from
Zoetmulder’s work (1950/1982, 1993-94) on the prose work Ādiparwa, I hope that by
providing a fairly extensive data set with discussion and constituent analysis of selected
phrasal and clausal units I will be making a contribution to future work on the linguistics of
OJ.
Axioms and hypotheses In order to simplify this working paper I will list here a number of
points that I take as axiomatic in my work on OJ. I developed some of these points in Chapter
Two of my dissertation (1988), but have more recently revised the terminology used there to
bring it more closely in line with the typology developed in Adelaar and Himmelmann (2005)
and related papers.
1) OJ is a good example of a symmetrical voice system. The majority of OJ verb phrases are
marked for either Actor Voice or Undergoes Voice with voice-marking morphemes that
occur either as prefixes (AV, UV1) or infixes (UV2). One of the UV markers that is
normally infixed (UV2) takes the form of a prefix when the monomorphemic base is
vowel-initial.
2) There are three affixes that can be said to refer to the Actor. For purposes of analysis I list
the first of these as a stative (STA), noting that cross-linguistically this affix does not
always refer to the Actor, but does so exclusively in OJ. Based on earlier studies of
morphological valence in OJ (Hunter 1995) I view the three AV markers as bound up
with features of transitivity, and hence list them in a ranked order as follows: 2
STA = a-, ma + monomorphemic base (stative)
AV1 = -um-, with allomorphs um- and m-. The allomorphs are most
commonly found prior to vowel-initial bases, but can also
be prefixed to labial consonants or semi-vowels, in which
case the intial segment of the base is converted to its
homorganic nasal (Actor Voice1)
AV2 = aN-, maN-, which are either realized as ŋ- or trigger a
change of a consonant-initial base to its homorganic nasal
(Actor Voice2)
2 By “transitivity” here I mean to refer to the set of features initially proposed in Hopper and Thompson (1980).
T. Hunter, ISLOJ <strong>Working</strong> <strong>Paper</strong>, 29 May 09, page 2