Working Paper on Irrealis, Imperative Mode and Complementation ...

Imperatives formed with special markers like paha- added to the unmarked voice. As
the example paha-dӗlön (“regard carefully”) indicates these imperatives are most
often found with verbs of perception. (It is possible that these derivations would be
better described as adverbials.)
8) In irrealis mode AV affixes are retained and the irrealis marker is –a. This is added either
to the unmarked base or a combination of the unmarked base with the LV affix (-an) or
one of the two applicative suffixes (-i, -akӗn).
9) In irrealis mode UV affixes are lost (or in Oglobin’s terms, not present).
10) The irrealis mode of transitive verbs that take the -Ø suffix in realis mode is formed by
addition of the suffix –ӗn directly to the unmarked base.
11) The irrealis mode of transitive verbs that take the LV affix (-an) or one of the two
applicative suffixes (-i, -akӗn) is formed by addition of the irrealis marker –a to a
combination of the unmarked base and suffix. However, there is no distinction in the
irrealis mode between VPs in LV and Tr1 form (thus highlighting what Oglobin terms the
“stationary” or “locative” aspects of VPs in Tr2 form).
12) There are thus three possible irrealis forms of transitive VPs:
R-ӗn for VPs that take the –Ø suffix in realis form, where R = the unmarked
monomorphemic base
R-ana for VPs that take either the LV suffix (-an) or the Tr1 form of the
applicative suffix i(-i/-ani) in realis mode
R-akӗna for VPs that take the Tr2 form of the applicative suffix (-akӗn) in realis
Mode
13) The irrealis marker –a can also be added to monomorphemic bases of all types.
14) As Oglobin (2005a) notes there is an important class of OJ derivations formed by the
addition of the affixes pa- or paN- to the monomorphemic base. I will not attempt in this
paper to analyze this subset of OJ derivations, but will include some notes on these forms
in the data set for this paper, and hope to return to the study of these forms in the future.
15) There are a variety of possible word orders in OJ, but there is one form that can be
considered canonical. 8 This canonical form of the clause can be described as follows:
[Predicate ta Complement1 (Complement2)] Adverbial or other peripheral adjuncts
8 I will not attempt here to enumerate the various types of word order possible in OJ. See Zoetmulder (1983: 97-
102, 1992:1-9) and Uhlenbeck (1987) for earlier treatments of this subject.
T. Hunter, ISLOJ <strong>Working</strong> <strong>Paper</strong>, 29 May 09, page 6