Working Paper on Irrealis, Imperative Mode and Complementation ...

Example (3):
(in)-tūt-nya sa-paran ikang manuk an (m)anN-layang
tinūtnya pang-layang
UV2-follow-pro3 all-destinations DIS-DEF bird COMP AV2-fly along 5
a. literal translation
“Be followed after by him everywhere it went, that bird as it flew along.”
b. active voice translation in English
“He followed that bird everywhere that it went, as it flew along.”
4) VPs formed with AV2 and AV2 markers can be either transitive or intransitive. Anguhuh,
“wail” in Example 1 is an example of an intransitive formed with an AV2 marker. I
postulate that all VPs formed with UV2 markers are transitive, in that an (erstwhile) agent
is always present in the case-frame, whether overtly expressed or not.
5) Three suffixes can be added to voice-marked derivations. In undergoer voice these
subcategorize the type of undergoer argument that is the subject of the UV verb phrase. In
actor voice these suffixes subcategorize the major non-subject complements of the VP.
Based on the contast of transitive VPs taking no suffix with those that do take suffixes, I
postulate a –Ø as one of the three types of verbal suffixes. Disregarding the voicemarking
prefixes/infixes the three possible suffixed forms of VPs are:
R-an Following Adelaar and Himmelmaan (2005) I use LV (Locative
Voice) to analyze –an, with the caveat that in OJ it is not involved in
the formation of a distinctive voice, but rather subcategorizes for
certain types of undergoer complements. One use is cross-linguistically
identical with the use noted by Himmelman (2005:373) for Tagalog,
eg. to derive “designations for places associated with the base”.
Another is to form nouns that represent the goal of the base (gamӗl, “to
play a metallaphone instrument > gamӗlan, gamelan, ensemble of
metallaphone instruments). It is important to note that in OJ –an
replaces –i in undergoer voice constructions (thus highlighting
“locative” aspects of –i): AV umulati “look at” > UV winulatan,
kawulatan, “to be looked at”
R-i/ani an applicative affix that subcategorizes complements that can be
described in general terms as “locative” or “stable” (see further below)
5 The conversion of the initial bilabial nasal of a prefix to its homorganic unvoiced stop is a regular soundchange
occurring following the final nasal (-n) of function works including negatives (tan, taman, tatan,
ndatan), the conditional morpheme yan and the complementizing morpheme n/an.
T. Hunter, ISLOJ <strong>Working</strong> <strong>Paper</strong>, 29 May 09, page 4