Working Paper on Irrealis, Imperative Mode and Complementation ...

alĕmĕh tĕkāna niyata ng Surapada ya wiśīrṇa kāmbaha
anĕkāna ta pwa kita śatru parĕpĕkana tan tahĕn twasĕn
warawīrya śakti ni bapangku juga lagi hiner pakāśrayan
Young man, this then is the essence of the policy that the King of the Gods has fashioned
with the company of divine sages,
We are certainly averse to being attacked here in the land of the gods, for it will be destroyed
if they set foot on it,
Rather you should carry the battle to them, attacking them fearlessly at close quarters,
Your courage as a fighter and your Power, good sir, are what we continually await as the
source of our protection.
Discussion:
t-in-ӗka-an-a UV2-take battle to-LV-IRR “to being attacked”
aN-(t)ĕkān-a AV2-take battle to-IRR “to attack”
The initial derivation of both tӗkana and anӗkāna (from tӗka, arrive”) is by way of the voicemarked
derivations anӗkan (AV2-R-LV) and tinekan (UV2-R-LV), which the OJED [1977]
tells us can be glossed (in meaing 2) as: “to attack, march against”.
ka-āmbah*-a UV1-to set foot on, attack-IRR “if (heaven) is set foot upon”
p-in-arӗpӗk UV2-press down upon, attack at close quarters-LV-IRR
Note that in the clause anĕkāna ta pwa kita śatru parĕpĕkana, “you should rather attack the
enemy, coming down fiercely upon them” there is a shift of AV and UV predicates. The first,
AV predicate, takes“you-HON” (kita, Arjuna) as its subject. The second, a UV predicate
(pinarӗpӗk,) takes as its subject “the enemy” (śatru), which was originally the non-subject
complement of the AV predicate anĕkāna. 21
16) AW 14.17
Hana tâpsarī pinalakunya malawas i Surendra tan kaweh
kinirim waneh juga ya lāgi salahasa titir harĕp‒harĕp
rinasan katuhwan atiki n tan ika wĕnanga marwani Ratih
ya tikā mangunggahana jātya nika gĕrĕmĕ tan panangśaya
There is an Apsara whom he has long requested from Lord Indra, but never been granted,
Though others were sent he was always disappointed and continued to go on hoping,
21 I will not include here an analysis of tan tahĕn twasĕn, glossed in the OJED as “fearless”.
T. Hunter, ISLOJ <strong>Working</strong> <strong>Paper</strong>, 29 May 09, page 22