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Acknowledgements The author wishes to extend his deepest sense of gratitude to his advisor, Professor Bernard Amadei, for his guidance, inspiration, and assistance. It is his perseverance, insight, and supervision that made this thesis possible. The author is indebted to Tom Bowen and Robyn Sandekian for their direction and invaluable contributions. Also deserving of the author‟s sincere gratitude: Professors John McCartney and Abbie Liel, for their support and time serving as members of the author‟s Master‟s Defense Committee; Brett Grunert, for his research contributions and instructions; Graham Allen, Nathan Bailey, Michael Eck and Ryon Pax, for their endless assistance in the laboratory. The author also wishes to thank the Division of Energy and Mineral Department of the United States Department of the Interior for its financial support making this research possible. Additional thanks are extended to Stephen Manydeeds, Winter Jojola- Talburt, Dennis Bodenchuk, and Richard Waissar. In addition, the research presented in this thesis would have been impossible without the participation and cooperation of the Crow and Ute Mountain Ute Tribes. Many thanks are extended to the members of these communities as well as Larry and Stephen Fallsdown, of Good Earth Lodges, and their loyal employees. iv
Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 2. Literature Review........................................................................................................ 6 2.1. SCEB Technology Advantages ............................................................................ 7 2.2. SCEB Technology Disadvantages ....................................................................... 9 2.3. Standardization of Methods and Techniques ..................................................... 10 3. Testing Methodology ................................................................................................ 14 3.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 14 3.2. Testing Methodology Flow Chart ...................................................................... 15 3.3. Initial Soil Observations ..................................................................................... 16 3.4. Soil Classification .............................................................................................. 17 3.4.1. Dry Soil Grain Size Analysis ...................................................................... 18 3.4.2. Wet Sieve Analysis for Fines Content ........................................................ 19 3.4.3. Atterberg Limit Tests .................................................................................. 20 3.4.4. Hydrometer Test ......................................................................................... 21 3.5. Selection of Soil Mix Ratios .............................................................................. 22 3.6. Mini-Block Production and Evaluation: ............................................................ 23 3.7. Large-Block Production and Evaluation ............................................................ 24 3.8. Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Tests:............................................... 25 3.9. Modulus of Rupture: Three-Point Bending Test ................................................ 27 3.10. Durability Testing ........................................................................................... 28 4. Case Studies .............................................................................................................. 30 4.1. Crow Nation ....................................................................................................... 30 4.1.1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 30 4.1.2. Testing Method ........................................................................................... 30 4.1.2.1. Soil Description ................................................................................... 30 4.1.2.2. Preparation of Soil Mixtures................................................................ 32 4.1.2.3. Test Block Production ......................................................................... 33 4.1.2.4. UCS Testing ........................................................................................ 34 4.1.3. Results ......................................................................................................... 36 4.1.4. Discussion of Test Results .......................................................................... 40 4.2. Ute Mountain Ute Tribe ..................................................................................... 41 4.2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 41 4.2.2. Test Method ................................................................................................ 42 4.2.2.1. Soil Description ................................................................................... 42 4.2.2.2. Preparation of Soil Mixtures................................................................ 45 4.2.2.3. Test Block Production ......................................................................... 47 4.2.2.4. UCS and MOR Testing........................................................................ 49 4.2.3. Results ......................................................................................................... 50 4.2.3.1. Durability Results ................................................................................ 50 4.2.3.2. Mini-Block Optimal Soil Mix Results................................................. 53 4.2.3.3. Large Block Test Results ..................................................................... 55 4.2.4. Discussion of Test Results .......................................................................... 56 5. Additional Testing .................................................................................................... 58 5.1. Correlation Testing ............................................................................................. 58 v
Page 1 and 2: A Proposed Best Practice Method of
Page 3: Krosnowski, Adam Davis (M.S., Depar
Page 7 and 8: Table of Figures Figure 2.1: World
Page 9 and 10: 1. Introduction The demand for sust
Page 11 and 12: soils must be defined to standardiz
Page 13 and 14: move more towards sustainable “gr
Page 15 and 16: 2.1. SCEB Technology Advantages The
Page 17 and 18: latent heat of vaporization. The ef
Page 19 and 20: sedimentation (jar) test, ball drop
Page 21 and 22: opportunities for water to alter th
Page 23 and 24: 3.2. Testing Methodology Flow Chart
Page 25 and 26: transported sealed in airtight five
Page 27 and 28: Figure 3.2: Gilson Testing Screen M
Page 29 and 30: infer the clay content. Figure 3.7
Page 31 and 32: potential for minimizing costs. Det
Page 33 and 34: calculate bulk unit weights of the
Page 35 and 36: 3.9. Modulus of Rupture: Three-Poin
Page 37 and 38: Figure 3.16: SCEBs soaking in water
Page 39 and 40: samples from the Dead Man‟s Curve
Page 41 and 42: previous experience, visual inspect
Page 43 and 44: one week intervals during the initi
Page 45 and 46: UCS [psi] UCS [psi] 1000 800 600 40
Page 47 and 48: UCS [psi] UCS [psi] 1000 800 600 40
Page 49 and 50: Lower Limit: 1 part cement, 1 part
Page 51 and 52: Percent Passing Soil #15: Hydromete
Page 53 and 54: the sample and not the entire soil
Page 55 and 56:
Large blocks were produced from two
Page 57 and 58:
The large blocks produced were kept
Page 59 and 60:
decreased by 23-25% over the course
Page 61 and 62:
Figure 4.23: UMU Mini-Blocks; Five
Page 63 and 64:
Average UCS [psi] 2000 1600 1200 UM
Page 65 and 66:
Clayey soil is often mined and tran
Page 67 and 68:
Figure 5.1: Full Block in 3-Point B
Page 69 and 70:
nature will increase the level of c
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this point of testing. The testing
Page 73 and 74:
Average Large Block UCS [psi] 800 7
Page 75 and 76:
Figure 5.13: Aspect Ratio Test, Fiv
Page 77 and 78:
Figure 5.17: Aspect Ratio Test, One
Page 79 and 80:
E [ksi] 35 30 25 20 15 10 y = 23.85
Page 81 and 82:
The equation of the trend-line was
Page 83 and 84:
of optimizing a soil mix design. Of
Page 85 and 86:
plasticity. They also do not offer
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the SCEB strongly influence its com
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specimens will be tested for compre
Page 91 and 92:
P f Pf [ psi] 2 A force at fail
Page 93 and 94:
Coduto, D. P. 1999. Geotechnical En
Page 96 and 97:
8.2. Crow Tribe Case Study Test Dat
Page 98 and 99:
8.2.2. Schmidt Hammer Test Data R V
Page 100 and 101:
UMU Sample #15 1:3 (6 x 12 x 3 5/8)
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