Jose Hueb book 11.1

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The water supply and sanitation coverage data for the year 2000 are presented in Maps 8.1 and 8.2, and are based on the data in Table 8.1. The maps show that in the vast majority of countries in the region more than 75% of the people have both water supply and sanitation coverage. The countries of the Caribbean tend to have the highest reported coverage MAP 8.1 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: WATER SUPPLY COVERAGE, 2000 Water supply coverage 0% – 25% 26% – 50% 51% – 75% 76% – 90% 91% – 100% Missing data 8.3 Changes during the 1990s The findings of the Assessment 2000 suggest that percentage rural service coverage has increased for both water supply and sanitation. Urban services appear to have changed less, and urban water supply coverage in levels in the region, although the maps do not show this clearly. In only one country of the region, Haiti, is less than 50% of the population without improved water supply. Similarly, there are only two countries with less than 50% sanitation coverage, Belize and Haiti. MAP 8.2 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: SANITATION COVERAGE, 2000 Sanitation coverage 0% – 25% 26% – 50% 51% – 75% 76% – 90% 91% – 100% Missing data BOX 8.1 HONDURAS: THE IMPACT OF NATURAL DISASTERS ON WATER SUPPLY Natural disasters may threaten advances made in the coverage and quality of water supply and sanitation services. Indeed, it has become evident that the services most severely affected by natural phenomena are water supply, drainage and sewerage systems. Despite progress in natural disaster prevention, mitigation and response, there is still a long way to go. In 1998, Hurricane Mitch caused US$ 58 million of damage in Honduras alone. The devastation included the destruction of 85 000 latrines and 1683 rural water mains. This meant that 75% of the population – approximately 4.5 million people – lost access to drinking-water. Devastation such as that caused by Hurricane Mitch may last for months or even years. the region even declined slightly between 1990 and 2000. These population-based regional figures are strongly affected by the coverage figures for Brazil, whose current population (>170 million) represents one-third of the regional total. Natural disasters also affect coverage (Box 8.1). There is clearly a need for a major effort to reduce vulnerability, with the involvement of all those who invest in the sector. The task is to ensure the sustainability of water supply and sanitation systems in the face of natural phenomena. Technical guidance is available on how to deal with the different types of natural threat, based on practical experience in the Americas. This guidance is available at: http://www.paho.org/english/ped/pedsnew.htm (in English) and http://www.paho.org/spanish/ped/pedsres.htm (in Spanish). Sources: (31) Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 Report 57
Figure 8.1 Latin America and the Caribbean: water supply coverage, 1990 and 2000 % coverage 100 1990 80 92 93 2000 82 60 40 56 62 20 0 8.4 Trends and future needs Figures 8.3–8.8 show the numbers of people with and without improved water and sanitation services in Latin America and the Caribbean in 1990 and 2000, as well as the international development targets for the sector. The development targets correspond to the population projections for the region. It is predicted that the population of the region will continue to Figure 8.3 Actual and target total water supply coverage Population (millions) 800 for Latin America and the Caribbean Served Target served Unserved Still unserved 600 82 78 43 588 696 400 200 359 441 0 600 400 200 0 Urban water supply 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Figure 8.4 Actual and target urban water supply coverage Population for Latin America and the Caribbean (millions) 800 Served Unserved Target served Still unserved 26 287 29 362 Rural water supply 486 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 58 Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 Report 18 Total water supply Figure 8.2 Latin America and the Caribbean: sanitation coverage, 1990 and 2000 % coverage 100 1990 2000 85 80 85 87 60 72 572 40 20 0 increase over the coming decades. To meet the target of halving the proportion of people without access to improved water supply and sanitation by 2015, approximately 123 million additional people in urban areas and 23 million additional people in rural areas will require access water supply. For sanitation, 131 million additional urban dwellers and 32 million additional rural dwellers will need access to services. Figure 8.6 Actual and target total sanitation coverage Population (millions) for Latin America and the Caribbean Served Target served 800 Unserved Still unserved 600 400 124 117 402 65 566 696 200 317 0 600 400 200 0 Urban sanitation Rural sanitation Total sanitation 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Figure 8.7 Actual and target urban sanitation coverage Population for Latin America and the Caribbean (millions) 800 Served Unserved Target served Still unserved 46 267 51 340 39 471 572 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 49 33 78
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Page 4 and 5: Figure 5.6 Actual and target global
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Page 22 and 23: Maps 7.1 and 7.2, which are based o
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Page 52: Photography: Raymond Geary Assoc.,

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