A cArbon cApture And storAge network for yorkshire And humber

8.0 Deployment scenarios 30
8.1 Development of the network 30
8.2 Central scenario 30
8.2.1 Scenario concept 30
8.3 Low growth scenario 31
8.3.1 Scenario concept 31
8.4 High scenario 32
8.4.1 Scenario concept 32
8.5 Stand-alone comparison 32
8.6 Scenario quantities 32
9.0 Economics 34
9.1 Introduction 34
9.2 Cost benefit analysis 34
9.3 Uncertainty in inputs 34
9.4 Discount rate 35
9.5 Method and interpretation of cost calculations 36
9.6 Results 37
10.0 Conclusion 40
11.0 Recommendations 42
11.1 Government 42
11.2 Economic work 42
11.3 Technical 43
11.4 Carbon 43
11.5 Social 43
11.6 Safety 43
12.0 Glossary 44
References & appendices 46
Appendix a 47
Appendix b 48
Tables
Table 3.1 Definition of Tier emitter classifications 9
Table 5.1 Coal fired plant post comb capture 18
Table 5.2 Coal fired plant IGCC 18
Table 5.3 Coal fired plant oxy fuel 18
Table 5.4 Weyburn / Dakota gasification plant
entry specification 18
Table 5.5 Dynamis SP3 recommended
entry specification 19
Table 5.6 Recommended entry specification 19
Table 7.1 Potential storage sites – gas field 27
Carbon Capture and Storage Network 3
Table 7.2 Potential storage sites – saline aquifer 27
Table 7.3 Summary of core routes 29
Table 8.1 Cumulative carbon dioxide stored
for scenarios 33
Table 9.1 Cumulative capital cost 38
Table 9.2 Cumulative CO2 carbon dioxide stored 38
Table 9.3 Cumulative average cost £/tonne 39
table 9.4 Cumulative average cost £/tonne best
standalone comparison 39
Figures
Figure 1.1 Schematic of possible CCS systems 5
Figure 1.2 Emitters and storage possibilities
in the Humber 5
Figure 2.1 Global emission scenarios 7
Figure 3.1 General study area 8
Figure 3.2 Study area with Tier 0 emitters
and existing gas terminals 8
Figure 3.3 Emitter locations in study area 10
Figure 3.4 Proportion of emissions 10
Figure 4.1 Carbon capture systems 13
Figure 4.2 Predicted operating costs for
power station technologies 13
Figure 5.1 Carbon dioxide phase diagram 15
Figure 5.2 Property deviations for carbon dioxide
– nitrogen 16
Figure 5.3 Variation in critical parameters
for carbon dioxide – nitrogen 17
Figure 5.4 Phase envelope changes with increasing impurity 17
Figure 6.1 Example of phased network pipelines 21
Figure 6.2 Pipeline route congestion point – Hull
– Beverley gap 22
Figure 6.3 Pipeline route congestion point
– Trent crossing 22
Figure 6.4 Schematic example of a ring main network 23
Figure 6.5 Schematic example of a tree
structure network 23
Figure 7.1 Overview of UK oil and gas fields
including the Utsira aquifer 26
Figure 8.1 General network route showing
alternative offshore routes 30
Figure 8.2 Stored carbon dioxide per year for scenarios 33