i Detection of Smoke and Dust Aerosols Using Multi-sensor Satellite ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Reflectance 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 Band1 Band4 Band7 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Figure 7.1: The example of mis-registration between MODIS VIS and SMIR FPAs. (a) Mis-registration between MODIS VIS and SMIR FPAs in track direction; (b) Mis-registration between MODIS VIS and SMIR FPAs in scan direction 7.1.2 Spatial characterization with SRCA Pixel number Location The Spectro-Radiometric Calibration Assembly (SRCA), a unique device within MODIS, is designed for sensor calibration and characterization in three modes: radiometric, spatial, and spectral. When it is configured in spatial mode, the SRCA is capable of tracking the BBR shifts periodically of all other 35 bands relative to band 1 from pre-launch to on-orbit and throughout the MODIS lifetime (Montgomery et al., 2000 and Xiong et al., 2005). To our best knowledge, tracking the spatial (also spectral) performance changes is unique because there was previously no device on remote sensing instruments to monitor these parameters over such a long period of time. This tracking provides valuable information to the remote sensing community and is beneficial for the 97
development of future remote sensing systems. Fig. 7.2 is a layout of the SRCA (Xiong et al., 2006). It consists of three subassemblies: a light source (VIS/NIR and infrared IR), a monochromator/optical relay, and a collimator. The VIS/NIR source is a spherical integration source (SIS) with four 10-W lamps and two 1-W lamps (one of the 10-W lamps and one of the 1-W lamps are backups) to provide multiple levels of illumination for the RSB characterization. A thermal source provides IR energy. The multi-lamp configurations allow each band to be operated at a good SNR level. When the SRCA is in spatial mode, a beam combiner on the filter wheel is used. The light coming out of the SIS passes through it while the IR beam is reflected from its surface. The combined beams provide illumination for all 36 bands. The light passes through the beam combiner and is focused onto the monochromator’s entrance slit. After reflection by a collimating mirror, the beam passes onto a mirror or grating (the grating is used for the spectral characterizations). The beam is then refocused onto an exit slit (or various interchangeable reticles) by the focusing mirror. The follow-up Cassegrain telescope system expands and collimates the beam before it exits the SRCA and is viewed by the MODIS scan mirror. The SRCA spatial mode was originally performed bi-monthly. When the scan mirror is viewing the SRCA, the Earth scene illumination can pass through the MODIS system and interfere with the measurement. In order to minimize this effect, the SRCA is only operated in the night portion of the orbit. When the SRCA is operated in spatial mode, an entrance slit equivalent to a 5 km (scan direction) 12 km (track direction) nadir Instantaneous Field Of View (IFOV) (Fig. 7.3a) is used (Xiong et al., 2005). The mirror is set up in position so that the 98
Page 1 and 2:
Detection of Smoke and Dust Aerosol
Page 3 and 4:
DEDICATION This is dedicated to my
Page 5 and 6:
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABL
Page 7 and 8:
LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 1.1
Page 9 and 10:
Figure 6.2 The UVAI images and the
Page 11 and 12:
VFM Vertical Feature Mask VIS Visib
Page 13 and 14:
are validated not only visually wit
Page 15 and 16:
1.1 Importance of Studying Smoke an
Page 17 and 18:
1.3 Objectives and Scopes The main
Page 19 and 20:
originalities, and discussions of f
Page 21 and 22:
1.6 Principal Results The principle
Page 23 and 24:
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF APPROACHES FOR
Page 25 and 26:
cooperatively: the reflectance at 0
Page 27 and 28:
more information about dust charact
Page 29 and 30:
CHAPTER 3 SMOKE AEROSOL DETECTION W
Page 31 and 32:
with a two-side scan mirror which r
Page 33 and 34:
3.1.2 MODIS data The 55 0 scan angl
Page 35 and 36:
Sun Satellite Figure 3.2: Basic rad
Page 37 and 38:
1 0 /2 b ( 0 0, 0; , ) k1 e
Page 39 and 40:
3.2.3 Training data collection Surf
Page 41 and 42:
Reflectance Reflectance Response cu
Page 43 and 44:
Figure 3.6: The normalized ratio of
Page 45 and 46:
all pixels over both land and ocean
Page 47 and 48:
NDDI 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 Figur
Page 49 and 50:
MODIS L1B measurements Pixels over
Page 51 and 52:
is clear that most of smoke plumes
Page 53 and 54:
a b c b Figure 3.10: Smoke images o
Page 55:
3.4.2 California 2007 fire The 2007
Page 58 and 59:
The multi-spectral approach is test
Page 60 and 61: 4.1 Physical Principle of Dust Aero
Page 62 and 63: Aqua 2006 102-04/12 04:15 Terra 200
Page 64 and 65: The dust has a high reflectivity at
Page 66 and 67: 0.55 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2
Page 68 and 69: 7 a Dust pixel 0.5 b 6 Cloud pixel
Page 70 and 71: 4.3 Results Three dust events occur
Page 72 and 73: c c Figure 4.6: Dust storm over TAK
Page 74: 4.4 Chapter Summary In this chapter
Page 77 and 78: operated in the A-train orbit with
Page 79 and 80: 5.1.2 CALIPSO measurements and VFM
Page 81 and 82: Altitude (km) 20 15 10 5 UTC: 2006-
Page 83 and 84: After spatial registration, the ove
Page 85 and 86: Figure 5.4(a) The MODIS true color
Page 87 and 88: Altitude (km) BTD (K) 20 15 10 15 4
Page 89 and 90: in the same A-train orbit with simi
Page 91 and 92: Aqua spacecrafts are operated in th
Page 93 and 94: the Fig. 6.1a. For easy comparison,
Page 95 and 96: esolutions, the number of smoke pix
Page 97 and 98: 6.1.4 Validation of dust monitoring
Page 99 and 100: Figure 6.3 Validation of dust image
Page 101 and 102: eflectance in red band. Therefore,
Page 103 and 104: Altitude (km) 20 15 10 5 UTC: 2006-
Page 105 and 106: image at the same location. The rea
Page 107 and 108: accuracy could be increased further
Page 109: FPAs and cold FPAs (because of diff
Page 113 and 114: Figure 7.3: SRCA spatial mode retic
Page 115 and 116: 7.1.3.2 Date Source MODIS L1B data
Page 117 and 118: characterization. Only the measurem
Page 119 and 120: these bands, including reflective s
Page 121 and 122: different spectral bands are slight
Page 123 and 124: SZA (Degree) SZA (Degree) 65 60 55
Page 125 and 126: 7.2.1.2 Real Impact on L1B Measurem
Page 127 and 128: 7.2.2.1 Theoretical impact analysis
Page 129 and 130: spatial characterization, the bigge
Page 131 and 132: Difference NDDI with spatial correc
Page 133 and 134: 8.1 Conclusions CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSIO
Page 135 and 136: Based on the detection results, the
Page 137 and 138: 3) Validating aerosol detection qua
Page 139 and 140: REFERENCES Ackerman, S. A., 1989, U
Page 141 and 142: imagery, Atmospheric Environment, v
Page 143 and 144: Salomonson, V. V., Privette, J. L.,
Page 145 and 146: Martinez, A., and Gros, G., 2007-10
Page 147 and 148: Wang W., Qu, J. J., Liu, Y., Hao, X
Page 149: CURRICULUM VITAE Yong Xie is a Ph.D
show all

i Detection of Smoke and Dust Aerosols Using Multi-sensor Satellite ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?