i Detection of Smoke and Dust Aerosols Using Multi-sensor Satellite ...

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with cloud in some areas along the CALIPSO path. In the Fig. 5.6, the BTD (12, 11μm) is positive at three peaks with latitude 36.59 0 N - 39.79 0 N, 41.04 0 N - 44.02 0 N, and 44.640 N - 45.750 N, which is corresponding to dust aerosol areas. Between three peaks, the BTD (12, 11μm) is negative which corresponding to cloud. Therefore, four dust aerosol layers are found and marked with black circle in Fig. 5.7. After the successful detection, the detail information about dust aerosol could be further retrieved. Fig. 5.8 shows the total attenuated backscatter signal profile at 532 nm in two locations: (40 0 N, 109.16 0 E) and (42 0 N, 108.51 0 E). The vertical profile for specific location gives more detail and accurate values about dust aerosols. At the first location, cloud (in dashed line rectangular) floated about 10.5 km above the sea level. At the latitude 42 0 N, a large backscatter value at the altitude 2.5 km is corresponding to the dust storm. By integrating the measurements of both sensors, the vertical and horizontal information about dust aerosol can be retrieved. Table 5.3 summarized the vertical and horizontal information about dust aerosols occurred in 2008 spring season in northwest China, including height, averaged depth, width, and coverage. 71
Figure 5.4(a) The MODIS true color image of dust storm in Taklimakan Desert on July 26, 2006. The blue solid line is the footprint of CALIPSO; (b) The corresponding BTD (12, 11μm) image of dust on July 26, 2006. 72
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Detection of Smoke and Dust Aerosol
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DEDICATION This is dedicated to my
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABL
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LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 1.1
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Figure 6.2 The UVAI images and the
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VFM Vertical Feature Mask VIS Visib
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are validated not only visually wit
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1.1 Importance of Studying Smoke an
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1.3 Objectives and Scopes The main
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originalities, and discussions of f
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1.6 Principal Results The principle
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CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF APPROACHES FOR
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cooperatively: the reflectance at 0
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more information about dust charact
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CHAPTER 3 SMOKE AEROSOL DETECTION W
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with a two-side scan mirror which r
Page 33 and 34: 3.1.2 MODIS data The 55 0 scan angl
Page 35 and 36: Sun Satellite Figure 3.2: Basic rad
Page 37 and 38: 1 0 /2 b ( 0 0, 0; , ) k1 e
Page 39 and 40: 3.2.3 Training data collection Surf
Page 41 and 42: Reflectance Reflectance Response cu
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3.6: The normalized ratio of
Page 45 and 46: all pixels over both land and ocean
Page 47 and 48: NDDI 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 Figur
Page 49 and 50: MODIS L1B measurements Pixels over
Page 51 and 52: is clear that most of smoke plumes
Page 53 and 54: a b c b Figure 3.10: Smoke images o
Page 55: 3.4.2 California 2007 fire The 2007
Page 58 and 59: The multi-spectral approach is test
Page 60 and 61: 4.1 Physical Principle of Dust Aero
Page 62 and 63: Aqua 2006 102-04/12 04:15 Terra 200
Page 64 and 65: The dust has a high reflectivity at
Page 66 and 67: 0.55 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2
Page 68 and 69: 7 a Dust pixel 0.5 b 6 Cloud pixel
Page 70 and 71: 4.3 Results Three dust events occur
Page 72 and 73: c c Figure 4.6: Dust storm over TAK
Page 74: 4.4 Chapter Summary In this chapter
Page 77 and 78: operated in the A-train orbit with
Page 79 and 80: 5.1.2 CALIPSO measurements and VFM
Page 81 and 82: Altitude (km) 20 15 10 5 UTC: 2006-
Page 83: After spatial registration, the ove
Page 87 and 88: Altitude (km) BTD (K) 20 15 10 15 4
Page 89 and 90: in the same A-train orbit with simi
Page 91 and 92: Aqua spacecrafts are operated in th
Page 93 and 94: the Fig. 6.1a. For easy comparison,
Page 95 and 96: esolutions, the number of smoke pix
Page 97 and 98: 6.1.4 Validation of dust monitoring
Page 99 and 100: Figure 6.3 Validation of dust image
Page 101 and 102: eflectance in red band. Therefore,
Page 103 and 104: Altitude (km) 20 15 10 5 UTC: 2006-
Page 105 and 106: image at the same location. The rea
Page 107 and 108: accuracy could be increased further
Page 109 and 110: FPAs and cold FPAs (because of diff
Page 111 and 112: development of future remote sensin
Page 113 and 114: Figure 7.3: SRCA spatial mode retic
Page 115 and 116: 7.1.3.2 Date Source MODIS L1B data
Page 117 and 118: characterization. Only the measurem
Page 119 and 120: these bands, including reflective s
Page 121 and 122: different spectral bands are slight
Page 123 and 124: SZA (Degree) SZA (Degree) 65 60 55
Page 125 and 126: 7.2.1.2 Real Impact on L1B Measurem
Page 127 and 128: 7.2.2.1 Theoretical impact analysis
Page 129 and 130: spatial characterization, the bigge
Page 131 and 132: Difference NDDI with spatial correc
Page 133 and 134: 8.1 Conclusions CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSIO
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Based on the detection results, the
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3) Validating aerosol detection qua
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REFERENCES Ackerman, S. A., 1989, U
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imagery, Atmospheric Environment, v
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Salomonson, V. V., Privette, J. L.,
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Martinez, A., and Gros, G., 2007-10
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Wang W., Qu, J. J., Liu, Y., Hao, X
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CURRICULUM VITAE Yong Xie is a Ph.D
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