ABSTRACTS - oia - Portland State University

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ASPAC Conference 2010 June 18 – 20, 2010 | Portland, OR logical conclusions based on a premise on a fact, while hazu da is used to infer a logical conclusion from a premise on an undecided fact. While both terms are based on the subjective judgments of the speaker, hazu da expresses the speaker's subjectivity more strongly. Hence, while hazu da is based on a certain amount of objective facts, there is an implication that it has come from the speaker's inferences and it tends to be accompanied with aspirations of expected realization, or wishes to win the agreement of the other party. In conclusion, hazu da is used to infer a logical conclusion based on undecided facts, and wake da is used to infer a logical conclusion based on established facts. Hence, in this presentation the parallels and differences between the two terms will be clarified based on the identification of their interchangeability from examples from Japanese novels. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Miwako Okigami Speaking Flowers in Utopia: Yoshiya Nobuko and Girls' World of esu in Shojo gaho during the Taisho Period Magazines for girls in the early 20th century played crucial roles to construct and disseminate ideologies of girlhood by mediating female voices to form girls' community. Shojo gaho (Girls' Pictorial 1912-1942) discovered a female writer, Yoshiya Nobuko, who charmed young female readers by depicting sisterhood of schoolgirls called esu with lyrical language. While descriptions of heterosexual relationships were considered inappropriate, intimacy of two young females grew to be a popular motif. However esu is not a mere substitute for heterosexual romance or simply a platonic lesbian relationship. Girls' desires, dreams, and ideals are projected through esu, but at the same time their fragility and powerlessness were exposed. Yoshiya's writings crystallized the girls' world of purity and spoke their yearnings to love and to be loved in the absence of male figures. Yoshiya and her works became a target of yearning for young girls; however, girls were also active participants in writing about esu by submitting letters to the magazines. My presentation will analyze how writing about esu was an important voice to express their girlhood identities in the Taisho era (191Os and 1920s). I will examine Yoshiya's works including Flower Tales and readers' writings about esu on Shojo gaho during this time. The girls treasured their own writings and recognized their identities through magazines outside of their family ties. Though under supervision of editors, girls imagined their ideal girlhood and began voicing their own desires in writings. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Bernard Ong The United States of Asia-Pacific? A Game Theory Approach Abstract: The paper aims to address the prospect of uniting the states of Asia-Pacific in tandem with recent overtures by United States, the world’s hegemon, in wooing the region. In a stinging response to calls for a new regional framework, President Barack Obama declared in November 2009 that “as an Asia-Pacific nation, the US expects to be involved in the discussions that shape the future [of the region] … and to participate fully in appropriate organizations as they are established and evolve.” Avoiding the main stream approaches in the study of regionalism, the paper will use game theory techniques to examine whether a Nash equilibrium, where all players’ expectations are met and their chosen strategies are optimal, may be realized in regional integration. While game theory has been heavily utilized in the discipline of security cooperation, its application to the understanding of regionalism from a political-economist’s lens is limited. The paper will discuss the rational considerations of the key rainmakers of Asia-Pacific cooperation (e.g., the US, China, Japan, ASEAN, and Australia) and examine how their gaming decisions will determine the outcome of Asia-Pacific regionalism. As a preliminary conclusion, the paper is likely to contend that a Nash equilibrium in Asia-Pacific regionalism with US participation is plausible through two strategies, namely, raising the expectations that each playing state will cooperate and adjusting the incentives for cooperation. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 30
Blair Orfall Resistance and Adaptation: The Bollywood Model ASPAC Conference 2010 June 18 – 20, 2010 | Portland, OR India’s popular Hindi film industry’s, or Bollywood’s, ability to adapt to aesthetic and market demands demonstrates how Asian studies can not only be sustained, but reinvigorate academic disciplines. Formerly marginalized in academic film discourse and considered a parasitic industry, Bollywood has become a creative well for artists and scholars of multiple mediums. As Bollywood’s resistance to Hollywood formulas is being recognized, and ironically re-appropriated into the Hollywood model, Bollywood continues to reinvent itself. This paper takes two recent Indian-cross over films as case-studies of the influence of Bollywood on global film-making. Chandni Chowk to China (2009), Warner Brothers’ first Hindi film, illustrates one American company’s necessary foray into two of the most important foreign territories for future economic success: Indian and China. Slumdog Millionaire (2008) created an unexpected international sensation by re-working popular Hindi formulas into the classic Hollywood romance. Through an examination of these two films, this paper will argue that adaptation itself, as a discipline, with all its thorny issues of intellectual property, culture as commodity, and its ability to marginalize other mediums is one of the keys to understanding the future of Asian studies. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Syeda Naushin Parnini Institutionalization of Linkages between ASEAN and Bangladesh Name and Affiliation: Dynamic shift of ASEAN in its structure and relations enables neighboring countries like Bangladesh to seek institutionalization of linkages with ASEAN. Bangladesh’s moderate economic growth intertwined with economic liberalization and cultural affinity with ASEAN countries are expected to strengthen the ASEAN- Bangladesh Relations. Institutionalization of this relationship between ASEAN and Bangladesh fosters investment and trade flows, social and cultural exchanges as well as technical cooperation to cope with the challenges of 21 st century stemming from global economic recession and other transnational forces worldwide. This paper explores the recent trends and future prospect of ASEAN- Bangladesh relations taking into consideration the policy options within a trans-regional context evolving under the framework of economic realism. The study examines that the convergence and dissonance in ASEAN-Bangladesh relations and their concurrent ties would be determined by a mix of different factors on the basis of equal partnership. This work also demonstrates that ASEAN-Bangladesh relationship is expected to be further facilitated and strengthened by the future changes and streamlining of the ASEAN future directions. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Kristen Parris Intermediary Organizations and State Building in Contemporary China: Chambers of Commerce and Community Building in Zhejiang Province This paper will examine the question of intermediary organizations in Contemporary China. Of particular interest are the Chambers of Commerce and the Shequ committees that have emerged as a part of the marketization and other economic and social changes that have occurred in the past thirty years. Intermediary organizations here refers to that is those organizations that play a role in mediating the relationship between state and society, often helping to define and redefine citizenship, negotiate differences, orient individuals, and provide the basis for old and new identities and perhaps other functions. The paper will focus on the recent history of the Chambers of Commerce and the on-going Shequ Jianshe (Community building or Community Development) Program that is ongoing all over China. Zhejiang is of special interest because Hangzhou has been on the forefront of the community building program while Wenzhou has witnessed the emergence of some influential Chambers of Commerce. That the province itself has become known for its so called “Zhejiang model” of development itself suggests the importance of the region. While Chambers of Commerce and Shequ occupy different, but equally ambiguous positions in China’s political economy, they are both promoted as “minjian” organizations, or organizations that are “of the people” rather that state, government or party agencies. At the same time, they have very close 31
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