ABSTRACTS - oia - Portland State University

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ASPAC Conference 2010 June 18 – 20, 2010 | <strong>Portland</strong>, OR embrace and utilize both cultures; he advocated, however, for the use of the styles of the European avantgarde, not Realism. He founded the Hangzhou Academy of Art in 1928. At the Hangzhou Academy, Lin was able to institutionalize his theory by merging the departments of traditional and modem painting. The Hangzhou Academy became one of the most progressive art schools in China before the Communist Revolution. This paper will analyze Lin's role in the short-lived establishment of a Chinese avant-garde through his own work and his position at the Hangzhou Academy. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Elena Caprioni Uyghur women in Xinjiang: The Delicate Balance Between Islamic Culture and Chinese Social Modernization Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR), the northwestern region of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), is historically, culturally, religiously, and ethnically the eastern part of Central Asia. XUAR is also the region in which- before the “peaceful liberation” of Xinjiang- the Uyghur Islamic society believed in the differences in gender roles and duties between men and women. The man’s responsibility was to earn money, while the woman’s responsibility was to manage the household. It is well recognized that the PRC, after having annexed Xinjiang as an integral and inalienable part of the country, committed itself to promote and extend to this peripheral area the concept of equality between men and women, based on the total equality of roles and responsibilities. Uyghur women are faced with a dilemma: preserving local traditions directly implicated to the Islamic culture or accepting the social modernization promoted by China to “liberate women.” I explore how/if the current status or women is directly influenced by local values, Islamic culture and/or by Han reforms. Using the ethnographic and linguistic approach, I aim to identify the theories and practices regarding women and gender, accompanied by an overview on the material conditions of women throughout the twentieth century. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Chanda L. Carey After Po’mo: Zhang Daqian's Splashed Ink Paintings and American Art "As far as I can see, there is no rigid line of demarcation between Chinese painting and Western painting, whether in the initial approach or in the highest ultimate attainment. Whatever difference there is in the form of representation, it is a mere result of the regional divergence in custom and usage and in the media and materials of the painter." The larger than life story of painter Zhang Daqian (1899-1983) is marked by many episodes that invite attention and consideration. In the past decades, Zhang's global legacy has been revisited repeatedly. This paper will reconsider Zhang's po'mo (splashed ink) works of the 1960s and 70s, and recontextualize the work's transcultural aesthetic within the operations of abstract painting. While relationships to Abstract Expressionist painters are well established, this paper draws on Yve-Alain Bois and Rosalind Krauss' reformulation of Modernism as informe (formless) to re-examine the historical position of Zhang Daqian's practice --with particular attention to works of the period by Helen Frankenthaler, Sam Gilliam, and Andy Warhol's Oxidation paintings of 1977-78. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Chia-ning Chang Yamaguchi Yoshiko: Negotiating Transnational Identity in Wartime Manchurian Films The aim of my paper is to elucidate the dialectic and to explore the anxieties inherent within the claims of nationalism and transnationality in connection with the professional career and private life of Yamaguchi Yoshiko (1920- ), the most acclaimed actress to emerge from Japan-occupied Manchuria from 1937-45 and the brightest star to blossom transnationally under the auspices of the Manchurian Film Association (Manshū eiga kyōkai, or Man’ei). Widely known in Manchuria, Japan, and many other parts of China particularly in Shanghai and Hong Kong by her stage name of Li Xianglan (Ri Kōran in Japanese), Yamaguchi carefully masqueraded her Japanese identity in both her public and private life by allowing herself to be reinvented as a 6
ASPAC Conference 2010 June 18 – 20, 2010 | <strong>Portland</strong>, OR Manchurian-born Chinese woman with the explicit or implicit purpose to legitimize and promote Japan’s imperialist enterprise in occupied territories in China. Narrowly escaping treason charges and possible execution by Chiang Kai-shek’s Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) after Japan’s surrender by finally revealing her Japanese identity, Yamaguchi proceeded to rehabilitate her cinematic career after 1945 by first appearing as Shirley Yamaguchi in Hollywood and Broadway productions in the 1950s. Upon returning to Japan, she emerged as a popular Japanese television host in 1967 and served as a three-term representative in the Upper House of the Japanese Diet from 1974-92. This was followed by her stint as a vice-president of the Asian Women’s Fund to assist former comfort women in Asia. While publicly expressing shame, guilt, and remorse as she contemplated her wartime role as a theatrical puppet in the puppet state of Manchukuo, it is also undeniable that Yamaguchi had at the same time been a convenient pawn and a willing accomplice of Japan’s colonial ideology and its pan-Asian rhetoric. By studying Yamaguchi’s Man’ei career and her postwar writings including her well-known autobiography Ri Kōran: My Early Life (Ri Kōran: Watashi no hansei, Tokyo: Shinchōsha, 1987), my paper seeks to illuminate the boundaries and ambivalence between colonizing hierarchies and transracial cinema in the politics of imperialism, between national identity and transnational performance, as well as between the intricate roles of the colonial victimizer and the colonized victim. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Zhongping Chen The Reformist Wave Across the Pacific: Kang Youwei and the Empire Reform Society in Canada, 1899-1911 This paper examines how the well-known Chinese exile, Kang Youwei, first founded the Empire Reform Society (Baohuang hui) in Canada in 1899 and then used it to promote sociopolitical changes in Canadian Chinatowns and late Qing China. Because Kang’s organization later spawned more than one hundred branches in the Americas, Asia and Australia, its early leaders and activities in Canada were especially influential in the transpacific Chinese politics. While previous scholarship has often stressed how Kang and his organization used overseas Chinese support to promote constitutional reform in China, this study will further investigate how such political struggle inspired sociopolitical changes in Canadian Chinatowns, including the development of new community associations, educational institutions, and social movements such as an anti-opium campaign. It will also reveal how Kang’s organization helped the Chinese in Canada fight racism and push for new relations with the Canadian government and society. In particular, this paper will go beyond previous studies of competition between reformers and revolutionaries in the Chinese diaspora, and intead will highlight how Kang’s organization linked up Chinatowns throughout the entire Pacific area, especially Western Canada. Based on previously unknown archives and other primary sources, this paper will provide fresh food for theoretical reflections on modern Chinese history and the Chinese diaspora. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Gaye Christoffersen Chinese Approaches to East Asian Maritime and Energy Cooperation: China's Evolving Identity in Multilateral Regimes China's participation in East Asian multilateral regimes has been explained using the concept of the "Harmonious World," a "Harmonious East Asia," and "Harmonious Seas." Chinese scholars have offered various theoretical explanations for the existence of the "Harmonious World," offerings that range from Realist to Social Constructivist to Neo-Liberal Institutionalist. Additionally, these scholars attempt to create a more Chinese theory of international relations within a Chinese framework. This scholarly work seeps into Chinese policy thinking because Chinese academics also serve as policy advisors to the government. This interaction of scholars and policy practitioners facilitates a redefinition of China's identity and role in the world and enables Chinese participation in regional multilateral regimes by redefining Chinese national interests within these regimes. This paper will examine contemporary Chinese scholarly theoretical work and assess to what extent it is used as a framework for China's evolving role in energy multilateral regimes and maritime cooperation projects. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 7
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ABSTRACTS - oia - Portland State University

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