Guidelines for Impact Monitoring & Assessment in Microfinance ...

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IMPACT MONITORING & ASSESSMENT IN MICROFINANCE PROGRAMMES Principal Users of the Guidelines: Our intention is to demonstrate operational methods to prove impact and improve intervention. It is challenging to find an acceptable balance between the quality (credibility, objectivity and validity) of impact measurement and its costs (financial resources, time and expertise). We have taken the normally small budgets of projects and institutions to conduct IA and IM into account. We have therefore devised practical tools and methods that will be easily accepted by project staff. IM and IA must be understood as important project management tools in technical cooperation programmes based on an interactive learning process. These guidelines primarily focus on aspects of microfinance programmes. Principal users of the guidelines are: 12 • Programme coordinators and project managers responsible for initiating the monitoring process, assessing results, and organizing the presentation, dissemination and storage of information. • Practitioners, experts, consultants and researchers conducting IA and IM. Advice about which methods to select in specific situations is included. How to Use the Guidelines: Part 1 is designed to help users organise and understand IM and IA procedures with respect to the objectives of microfinance programmes. It provides basic information on the importance of IM and IA for programme management and takes into account the methods and implementing procedures developed and applied by German Technical Cooperation (GTZ). Special attention is given to explaining the main concepts and analytical requirements underlying the multidisciplinary approach elaborated in Part 2. Part 2 contains step-by-step guidelines on how to develop and implement comprehensive and integrated IM and IA. It provides users with basic analytical tools and methodologies and encourages them to adapt these to fit their needs. It can be selectively used, supported by the user‘s own methods and instruments, and adapted to meet specific needs and requirements. Part 2 consists of the following steps: STEP 1: Identification of core issues STEP 2: Formulation of core hypotheses STEP 3: Formulation of indicator sets
STEP 4: Selection and adaptation of survey methods STEP 5: Data analysis INTRODUCTION Knowledge Base of the Guidelines: These guidelines are based on the experience of diverse microfinance programmes in IM and IA. They were developed through the inter-institutional collaboration of the University of Hohenheim-Stuttgart, Department of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences in the Tropics and Subtropics and GTZ, Division of Financial Systems Development and Banking Services. They are based on the applied research of two GTZ microfinance programmes: → PADER-NORD – COTE D’IVOIRE, Korhogo “Programme d’Appui au Développement Rural de la Région Norde, Département Crédit-Epargne (DCE)”, (AFCE: Associations Féminines de Crédit et d’Epargne) ; GTZ / ANADER 6 → PMR - RFA/ NIGER, Niamey “Promotion des Mutuelles Rurales”, (MUTEC: Mutuelles d’Epargne et de Crédit); GTZ / Ministère de Finances, des Reformes Economiques et de la Privatisation Results are taken from impact studies of these two programmes and from impact studies and project documents of other microfinance programmes. Study of relevant literature and project documents has provided valuable insight to enrich the guidelines. Our intention was not to reinvent the wheel, but to present a comprehensive methodology and applicable instruments for IM and IA in microfinance. Hence, several of the basic methodologies and tools presented in Part 2 of the guidelines are currently being used in microfinance programmes and have proven effective. The guidelines exemplify basic methodologies so that users can adapt them to local conditions. Acknowledgements: GTZ wants to thank all those, who have contributed to this book. First and foremost Mrs. Birgit Schäfer who has not only collected and evaluated the data over almost 6 German support to this project has ended in July 2001, before full sustainability of the microfinance institution could be achieved. It is hoped that other donors can continue the very successful programme in Northern Cote d’Ivoire. 13
Page 1 and 2: Birgit Schäfer IMPACT MONITORING &
Page 3 and 4: IMPACT MONITORING & ASSESSMENT IN M
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents IMPACT MONITORING
Page 7 and 8: Abbreviations IMPACT MONITORING & A
Page 9 and 10: Part 1: Introduction SCOPE by Rolan
Page 11: These Guidelines 5 : INTRODUCTION
Page 15 and 16: UNDERSTANDING IMPACT AND IMPACT MEA
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTION Impact involves econom
Page 19 and 20: INTRODUCTION similar, surrounding.
Page 21 and 22: Table 1: The Programme Outcome Mode
Page 23 and 24: INTRODUCTION Graphic 2: Benchmarks
Page 25 and 26: INTRODUCTION The new office is sche
Page 27 and 28: Mediating Variables INTRODUCTION Fa
Page 29 and 30: INTRODUCTION conduct IM and IA. The
Page 31 and 32: INTRODUCTION enough flexibility to
Page 33 and 34: INTRODUCTION Quantitative impact mo
Page 35 and 36: And merge the findings of the two a
Page 37 and 38: CHARACTER- ISTICS INTRODUCTION QUAN
Page 39 and 40: INTRODUCTION analyse this data to d
Page 41 and 42: INTRODUCTION political dexterity an
Page 43 and 44: INTRODUCTION and evaluation systems
Page 45 and 46: INTRODUCTION Let us conclude with t
Page 47 and 48: Part 2: Implementation Steps 2.1 IN
Page 49 and 50: IMPLEMENTATION STEPS • Survey res
Page 51 and 52: OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES RESPONSIBILIT
Page 53 and 54: QUESTIONS • How long has the prog
Page 55 and 56: Clientele: • duration of membersh
Page 57 and 58: IMPLEMENTATION STEPS MFI can calcul
Page 59 and 60: The Natural Environment IMPLEMENTAT
Page 61 and 62: ANALYSIS OF THE HOUSEHOLD LEVEL IMP
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Graphic 6: Household Socio-Economic
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Graphic 7: Vulnerability of Livelih
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OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES RESPONSIBILIT
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS ries of mutual
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS Core Impact Hy
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Core Impact Hypotheses at the Enter
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS Possible Negat
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IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACT INDICATORS
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS figures are no
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Quality Criteria (II) IMPLEMENTATIO
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS • Ordinal me
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CORE INDICATORS AT THE FAMILY/HOUSE
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS CORE INDICATOR
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CORE INDICATORS AT COMMUNITY LEVEL
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APPLICATION OF SURVEY TOOLS IMPLEME
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IMPACT SURVEY IMPLEMENTATION STEPS
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IMPACT SURVEY IMPLEMENTATION STEPS
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS TOOL 1: Impact
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12. Invested (major) in enterprise
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS 51. Farm inven
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10 = Cash for emergencies 11 = Pock
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TOOL 2 CLIENT MONITORING SYSTEM IMP
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BALANCE SHEET IMPLEMENTATION STEPS
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Number of loan: ________________ DE
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Household Income ($) Household Expe
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TOOL 3 CLIENT EXIT INTERVIEW TYPE Q
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS TOOL 3: Client
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS TOOL 3: Client
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS TOOL 4: CASE S
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS TOOL 4: CASE S
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS TOOL 5: Case S
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS TOOL 5: Case S
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS TOOL 6: Roundt
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OBJECTIVES STEP 5: DATA ANALYSIS IM
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• data collected • respondent o
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Open-code Responses IMPLEMENTATION
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Descriptive Analysis IMPLEMENTATION
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS is to list all
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS CEL. The probl
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Inferential Analysis IMPLEMENTATION
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS Example 5: Is
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS Example 7: Dis
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS Example 1: Cli
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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS The next sever
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Village: Date: Note taker: Facilita
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Village: Date: Note taker: Facilita
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ANNEX 1: SOURCES AND FURTHER READIN
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ANNEX 1 - SOURCES AND FURTHER READI
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ANNEX 2 - RAPID APPRAISAL METHODS:
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ANNEX 3: INTERVIEW GUIDE 61 BASIC G
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ANNEX 4: SAMPLING METHODS 62 ANNEX
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Purposive Sampling ANNEX 4 - SAMPLI
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ANNEX 4 - SAMPLING METHODS ball sam
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ANNEX 4 - SAMPLING METHODS start wi
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