Civil-Military Relations and Democratic Control of the Security Sector

Arms Trade and Arms Transfers
Table 1. International arms control regimes
Control Regime Organizational format Established in
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Multilateral agreement
with near universal
membership
Guidelines for implementation of export control provisions
of the NPT
1970,
permanent
since 1995
Zangger Committee 1971
Export of nuclear and nuclear-related materials Nuclear Suppliers Group
(the “London Club”)
Convention on the Prohibition of Development, Production
and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and
Toxin Weapons and Their Destruction (Biological Weapons
Convention - BWC)
Prevention of the proliferation of chemical and biological
weapons (complementary to BWC and CWC)
1975
The United Nations 1975
The Australia Group 1984
Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty OSCE 15 1990; 1999
Convention on the Prohibition of Development, Production,
Stockpiling and the Use of Chemical Weapons and
Their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention -
CWC)
The United Nations 1994
Criteria on Conventional Arms Transfers OSCE 1993
OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons OSCE 2000
Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional
Arms and Dual-use Goods and Technologies
Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling,
Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on
Their Destruction (the Ottawa Treaty)
Voluntary association of
33 participating countries
Ottawa Process, led by
Canada
EU Code of Conduct on Arms Exports The European Union 1998
Protocol Against Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in
Firearms, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (Firearms
Protocol)
Program of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the
Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its
Aspects
Initiative to establish an International Framework Convention
on International Arms Transfers (Arms Trade
Treaty – ATT)
1995
1997
The United Nations 2001
The United Nations 2001
NGO Initiative 16 2004
15 OSCE – Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe; previously – Conference for Security
and Co-operation in Europe.
99