Civil-Military Relations and Democratic Control of the Security Sector

More documents

Recommendations

Info

International Instruments in the Process of Transition to Democratic Civilian Control Programs for transformation, reorganization and development based on strategic analyses, forecasts and prioritization that take into account both national priorities and Alliance trends and are provided with resources detailed enough for the purposes of operative planning and budgeting and are performed systematically and under parliamentary monitoring; Troops, forces, organizations, staffs, commands and strategic bodies possessing the relevant staff and equipment to meet the challenges to national and collective security and defense; A regulatory framework that corresponds to the level of democracy and to the efficiency and effectiveness requirements to ensure task completion on national grounds or in an allied or coalition-driven format; An efficient system of human resources management in the security sector – both military and civilian – that also includes regular education and training in security and defense issues as well as recruitment and adaptation programs (when people come in or leave); Regular accountability to Parliament and society to cover the financial, organizational, functional and operative issues; An information collection, processing and supply system that corresponds to the security environment and to national and collective demands – a system to be used in the course of the national and allied process of decision-making; Regulated transparency of security and defense policies that ensure real civil control and the inclusion of more factors in policy formulation in order to shape ‘a security community’ on a national and allied scale. Bulgaria has been working on all these criteria for a long time and has achieved good results in many domains. In a number of areas, however, there is an obvious delay while the emblematic cases of recent years indicate that there is still a lot to be done. A careful reading of the criteria shows that the practical monitoring of policies in the context of their implementation can be done impartially only by the National Assembly, its committees and the interested Members of Parliament. The interaction with the non-governmental sector and academic circles for the purposes of regular and detailed monitoring is a prerequisite for success. Military diplomacy has long been one of the essential components of international diplomacy and an effective methodology for fostering bilateral and regional relationships. The role of military diplomacy manifests itself in its two basic functions: preventive diplomacy and coercive diplomacy. Within the framework of preventive diplomacy, the military component is aimed at achieving the climate of confidence, necessary for the improvement of relations between two nations. This could be called peacetime defense diplomacy. The painful Balkan experience shows that the best approach to prevention of confrontation between two countries is to identify the common interests and to widen co-operation between them in diverse fields, particularly ‘military’. Developments in South East Europe during the last decade illustrate the dynamics of the inter-state relations and the modification of their interests, including in their defense context. Because of this, the peacetime defense diplomacy has to find the best rhythm for the development of military relations. Despite the fact that Bulgaria still has no coherent and comprehensive unified concept on defense diplomacy, the country has a significant record of extensive activities, especially during 119
120 International Aspects of Democratic Control the bloody wars in Yugoslavia and as part of the efforts to join NATO. Within the national defense planning documents ‘defense diplomacy’ does not exist as a directly defined mission. The 2003/04 Strategic Defense Review provided reassessment of the military missions and tasks in order to adjust them to the realities and requirements of the entire security situation. The SDR concluded that the focus should be shifted towards building crisis response capabilities and conflict prevention activities. A significant component of them is defense diplomacy in its modern understanding. Following the internationally used definition of the term, some of its components could be found in Mission 2: Contribution to international peace and security. Its core content was defined as follows: The mission in support of international peace and security is in implementation of international and coalition commitments to fight terrorism, prevent and manage crises and conflicts abroad, participate in multinational peace forces, activities in support of the evolving European Security and Defense Policy, arms control, non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery, international military co-operation, humanitarian assistance, strengthening of confidence and co-operation. Two specific Military Tasks underline and contribute most directly to defense diplomacy aims: International military co-operation and participation in multinational and bi-lateral military formations. The Agreement on the Multinational Peace Force South-Eastern Europe was signed by the Ministers of Defense of seven countries in 1998, in Skopje. Albania, Bulgaria, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Greece, Italy, Romania, and Turkey (individually referred to as Nations 1 through 7) came together to demonstrate their commitment to regional security and stability, forge closer ties between their military forces, and foster good neighborly relations among their countries. Slovenia and the United States opted for observer status but expressed full support to this initiative. Croatia became the third observer nation to the MPFSEE at the fifth annual South-Eastern Europe Defense Ministerial (SEDM) meeting in Thessaloniki on October 9, 2000 - when it also was accepted as the tenth full member of SEDM. BLACKSEAFOR was established as a naval task group to take part in joint search-and-rescue, humanitarian aid and sea-mine clearing operations, as well as in Black Sea environmental protection operations. The South Eastern Europe Simulation Network (SEESIM) Project was designed through a series of simulation-based exercises to serve as a foundation for integrating several initiatives functioning within the SEDM framework. Satellite Interconnection of Military Hospitals (SIMIHO) Project was a Greek proposal to connect Military Hospitals in South-Eastern Europe Defense Ministerial (SEDM) countries by satellite in order to practice telemedicine and exchange medical information. Defense- Military Support for WMD Counter-proliferation, Border Security, and Counter-terrorism Initiative was launched as a possible role for Ministries of Defense in border security and countering the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Regional Crisis Management Initiatives were launched with the aim to develop cooperative crisis management capacity. They build substantially on the existing military cooperation and the cooperation in emergency management. NATO’s South East Europe Initiative (SEEI) is an Alliance’s long-term effort to partner with militaries in the region in order to help shape smaller, more professional and civilian controlled militaries throughout SEE.
Page 2 and 3:
G.S. Rakovsky Defense and Staff Col
Page 4 and 5:
CONTENTS List of Figures vii List o
Page 6 and 7:
Chapter 17 Democratic Control of th
Page 8:
LIST OF FIGURES: Figure 1. Command
Page 12:
` Section One Conceptual Developmen
Page 15 and 16:
4 Conceptual Developments in the Se
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
10 Conceptual Developments in the S
Page 23 and 24:
12 Conceptual Developments in the S
Page 26:
Section Two Conceptual Shifts in th
Page 29 and 30:
18 Conceptual Shifts in the Nationa
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 36:
Section Three Constitutional and Le
Page 39 and 40:
28 Constitutional and Legal Framewo
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
42 Allied and other external requir
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
46 Infrastructure development prog
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 76 and 77:
The special cases as emergency, cri
Page 78 and 79:
Democratic Control in Time of War a
Page 80 and 81: Democratic Control during the Fight
Page 82 and 83: Democratic Control during the Fight
Page 84 and 85: Definitions Democratic Control duri
Page 86 and 87: Democratic Control during Crises an
Page 88 and 89: Cyberspace and the Challenges to De
Page 94 and 95: International Peace and Humanitaria
Page 96 and 97: International Peace and Humanitaria
Page 98: Section Five Budgetary Control of t
Page 101 and 102: 90 Budgetary Control provide outcom
Page 103 and 104: 92 Budgetary Control of commercial
Page 105 and 106: 94 Budgetary Control defense polici
Page 107 and 108: 96 Budgetary Control Chapter 24 The
Page 109 and 110: 98 National policy on arms transfer
Page 111 and 112: 100 Arms brokering activities; Bud
Page 114: Section Six The People in the Secur
Page 117 and 118: 106 The People in the Security Sect
Page 123 and 124: 112 Recruitment The People in the S
Page 125 and 126: 114 Effective use of resources. Th
Page 128 and 129: The present international system is
Page 132 and 133: International Instruments in the Pr
Page 134 and 135: The OSCE Code of Conduct actions. M
Page 136 and 137: The Evolution of Civil-Military Rel
Page 138: CONCLUSIONS This Handbook treats th
Page 142 and 143: UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE T
show all

Civil-Military Relations and Democratic Control of the Security Sector

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?