Accessing Asia 2012 - Clean Air Initiative

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ACCESSING ASIA Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Road Transport and Electricity ELECTRICITY: CO 2 EMISSIONS 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 0.69 0.70 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 0.05 ELECTRICITY: DRIVERS OF EMISSIONS TWh CO 2 Emissions (from generation) per Source Type (2009) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 NOTES: 49% 27 million tons 6% Million Metric Tons Total CO 2 emissions from generation and consumption 40 30 20 10 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Total CO2 from electricity generation Total CO2 from electricity consumption kgCO2 per kWh TCO2 per capita kgCO2 per GDP 2000 2009 45% Coal Oil Natural Gas Source: Clean Air Asia estimates, 2012 Asia Average 2009: 0.50 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION Asia Average 2009: 0.83 0.11 2000 2009 Source: Clean Air Asia estimates, 2012 Generation by Source Type (2009) Source: Clean Air Asia estimates, 2012 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 Asia Average 2009: 0.90 0.21 0.14 2000 2009 Consumption by End-use Sector (2009) Sources: Bangladesh Power Development Board Annual Report 2008-2010; Md. Alam Hossain Modal, Wulf Boie, Manfred Denich. (2010). Future Demand Scenarios of Bangladesh Power Sector; Bangladesh Power Sector Data Book 2006; World Bank Development Indicators 1. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this report do not imply any judgment or endorsement on the part of Clean Air Asia concerning the delimination or legal status of any territory or boundaries. In no event will Clean Air Asia be liable for any form of damage arising from the application or misapplication of this report. 2. Emissions from road transport sector were estimated using the Activity-Structure-Intensity-Fuel (ASIF) approach (adapted from Schipper and Marie 1999; Schipper, Gorham, and Marie, 2000). In this approach, road transport emissions are dependent on the level of transport activity (A); road transport mode structure (S); fuel intensity (I); and carbon content of fuel or emission factor (F). 3. Vehicle population numbers were collected from the Bangladesh Road Transport Authority. VKT information were sourced from the Roads and Highways Department, Ministry of Construction. 4. Fuel consumption data presented in this profile is based on activity data. 5. Data collected is from reported electricity generation and consumption. 6. Electricity generation from oil, natural gas, and hydropower. Geothermal power, combustible renewables, wind power, and solar power are not applicable. 7. Due to the lack of data, electricity consumption by end-use sector is considered to be under reported. 8. Electricity consumption from other sectors includes public administration and defense, education, health and social services, community, social and personal services. Emissions Profile: Bangladesh Clean Air Asia. 2012. Emissions Profile: Bangladesh. Pasig City. Philippines. For more information about Clean Air Asia, please visit www.cleanairasia.org For the data found in this report, please visit www.CitiesACT.org Natural Gas 89% 38 TWh Other 17% Industrial 28% Commercial 9% 22 TWh Residential 46%
million tons ACCESSING ASIA Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Road Transport and Electricity INDIA Republic of India Delhi Land area: 2973193 km 2 Population: 1171 million (2010) Urban population: 30%, 352 million (2010) Population with access to electricity: 66%, 766 million (2009) GDP (constant 2000 USD): 971 billion (2010) GDP per capita (constant 2000 USD): 830 (2010) ROAD TRANSPORT: EMISSIONS PER VEHICLE TYPE 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Total CO 2 Emissions CO 2 Emissions By Type (2010) CO 2 per GDP & capita 121.0 135.8 203.4 169.0 243.3 263.5 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Source: Clean Air Asia estimates, 2012 Source: Clean Air Asia estimates, 2012 Source: Clean Air Asia estimates, 2012 ROAD TRANSPORT: DRIVERS OF EMISSIONS vehicles (millions) 140 120 100 50% Vehicle Population and Motorization Index Fuel Consumption 80 60 40 20 0 Vehicle Population Motorization Index 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Source: Clean Air Asia estimates, 2012 VKT by Mode (2002-2010) 2000 2010 Source: Clean Air Asia estimates, 2012 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2W 3W PC MUV Bus LCV HCV 9% 9% vehicles per 1000 people 9% 20% ktoe 3% 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 2W 3W PC MUV BUS LCV HCV tonsCO 2 per capita 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 2000 2004 2008 CO2 emissions per capita CO2 emissions per GDP Emissions Profile: India Clean Air Asia. 2012. Emissions Profile: India. Pasig City. Philippines. The Emissions Profile accompanies Accessing Asia: Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Indicators from Road Transport and Electricity.”AccessingAsia presents the first benchmark of air pollutant (as particulate matter, PM) and GHG (as CO2) emissions for 13 countries across Asia for road transport and electricity. 0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Source: Clean Air Asia estimates, 2012 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.24 Gasoline Diesel LPG CNG Electric Emission Standards for New Light-Duty Vehicles Entire country Metros Euro 3 Euro 4 Since 2010 Since 2010 Current Sulfur levels in Diesel (ppm) Entire country Metros 350 50 Since 2010 Since 2010 Source: Clean Air Asia. KgCO2 per US dollar at constant 2000 prices
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