The Chemistry of Powder and Explosives - Sciencemadness Dot Org

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478 INDEX OF SUBJECTS Magnesium, 62, 81, 86, 429 Magnesium carbonate, 867 187, 339, 346 Magnesium flares, 68 Magnesium oxide, 440 Magnesium picrate, 63 Magnesium stars, 86 Magnesium styphnate, 440 Magnesium sulfate, 353 Malachite green, 123 Maltose octonitrate, 241 Mandarin crackers, 111 Manganese azide, 411 Manganese dioxide, 66, 108, 355; see also Pyrolusite Manna, 236, 238 Mannitol, 236 Mannose, 236 Mannose pentanitrate, 241 Manometric bomb, 23, 24, 132, 157, 169, 172, 175, 389, 390, 391 Marine flare torch, 67 Marine signals, 63, 66 Maroons, 104, 105, 358 Malta, 35 Match, 35, 97 Meal powder, 5, 44, 45, 58, 68, 69, 83, 86, 87, 89, 92, 93, 95, 97, 99, 100, 122, 435, 455 Melam, 387 Melamine, 376, 386, 387 Melanina, 198 Melem, 387 Melinite, 159, 166; see also Picric acid Mercury, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 370, 371, 404, 405, 406, 427, 429 Mercury azide, 183, 411, 412, 420 Mercury chloride, 402, 407 Mercury fulminate, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 139, 165, 167, 168, 183, 184, 189, 209, 221, 223, 332, 349, 354, 391, 394, 399, 405 ff., 413, 415, 416, 417, 418, 420, 424, 430, 431, 432, 433, 436, 439, 445, 450 analysis of, 408, 409 dead pressed, 410, 441 density, 434 Mercury fulminate, deterioration of, 410 discovery of, 403, 404, 405 drop test, 209, 431, 449, 451 in primer compositions, 454, 455, 456, 458 minimum initiating charge, 231, 412, 418, 419, 433, 434, 441, 446, 452 preparation of, 406, 407 sand test of, 417, 432, 445, 451 temperature of explosion, 210, 411, 435, 449 Trauzl test of, 211, 438, 446 velocity of detonation, 434 Mercury nitrate, 120, 133, 162, 163 Mercury oxalate, 3 Mercury oxide, 376, 402 Mercury sulfide, 119 Mercury tartarate, 3 Mercury tetrathionate, 408 Mercury thiocyanate, 119, 120 Afeta-hydroxytetryl, 178 Metaldehyde, 407 Meta-nitrotetryl, 178, 179, 180 Meteors, 98, 99 Methane (fire damp), 346, 347, 348 Methenamine, 397; see also Hexamethylenetetramine Methyl alcohol, 407 solvent, 207, 227, 241, 242, 243, 295, 296, 360, 444 synthetic, 276, 277, 369 Methyl nitrate, 191, 192 ff., 194, 233, 331 boiling point of, 206 Methyl orange, 265, 409 Methyl phthalate, 322 Methyl picrate, 138, 169 Methyl sebacate, 322 Methyl violet test, 268 Methylamine, 141, 180, 181, 276, 284, 386, 394, 395, 398, 453 Methylaniline, 175, 180 Methylcarbamic acid ethyl ester, 322 Methylene blue, 123 Methylene group, 195
Methylglucoside tetranitrate, 243 Methylglycol dinitrate, 234, 237 Methylindole, 150 Metliylinannosidc, 243 Metliyhnannoside tetranitrate, 243 Methylnitramine, 181, 269, 370, 371, 372, 395 Methylnitroglycol, 234 Metfiylnitroguanidine, 386 Methylnitrourethane, 372 Methylol group, 277 Methylpicramide, 177, 182 Methyltetryl, 147 Methylurea, 322 Methylurethane, 371 Mettegang recorder, 16 Mica, 61, 95, 194 Mica dynamite, 194 Milk sugar; see Lactose Milky grains, 316 Min&ite, 360, 361, 363 Mineral jelly, 295, 296, 298; see also Vaseline Miner's fuse, 12, 104 Miner's wax, 65 Mines, 75, 97, 98 naval, explosive for, 158 Minimum initiating charge, 139, 182, 183, 184, 189, 231, 412, 418, 421, 434, 441 Minium, 64 Misfire, 456 Moderant, 319 Moisture, absorption of, by smokeless powder, 313 ff. Moisture, effect on ballistics, 313 Moisture in black powder, 47, 48 Molecular compounds, 126, 135, 149, 150 Monoacetic, 222 Monoacetin dinitrate, 222 Monobel, 342, 351 Monochlorohydrin mononitrate, 219 Monoethanolamine, 224; see also Ethanolamine Monoformin, 222 Monoformin dinitrate, 222 INDEX OF SUBJECTS 479 Mononitroglycerin, 206,215, 216,217, 218, 219 Multiperforated grains, 317, 318 Munroe effect, 18 ff. Muriate of lime, 60 Mustard gas, 14, 199 N NC, 256; see also Nitrocellulose NG, 195; see also Nitroglycerin Nail test of detonators, 421 Naphtha, 37, 355 solvent, 145 Naphthalene, 124, 129, 136, 154, 309, 310, 333, 335, 350 addition compound with mercuric nitrate, 163 nitrated, 129, 154 ff. Naphthalite, 157 Naphthol, beta, 120, 121, 122 Naphthol pitch, 120, 121, 122 Naphthylamine, 126, 150, 312 Naphtite, 156 Nib-glycerin trinitrate; see Trimethylolnitromethane trinitrate Nickel azide, 411 Nickel picrate, 165 Niperyth; .see Pentaerythrite tetranitrate Nipple, 89 Niter; see Potassium nitrate Nitramines; see Nitroamines Nitrated sulphuret of potash, 31 Nitrating total, 260 Nitration by kneading, 121 Nitric esters, 126, 191 ff., 229, 269, 278, 333, 334, 341, 344, 345, 442 Nitric oxide, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272 Nitro compounds, 191 Nitroamide, 369, 370, 373, 385, 387 Nitroamines, 126,191,229, 269,369 ff. Nitroaniline, 129, 178, 443 Nitroaniline sulfate, 173 Nitroanilines, comparative ease of nitration, 129 Nitroarabinose, 240
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CHAPTER I PROPERTIES OF EXPLOSIVES
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HIGH EXPLOSIVES 3 they are heated o
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HIGH EXPLOSIVES 5 black match may b
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A COMPLETE ROUND OF AMMUNITION 7 f
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A COMPLETE ROUND OF AMMUNITION 9 11
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DETONATING FUSE 11 ting upon, say,
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DETONATING FUSE 13 branch line squa
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FIGURE 8. Pierre-Eugene Marcellin B
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VELOCITY OF DETONATION 17 placed up
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FIGURE 10 Charles Edward Munroe (18
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Sensitivity Tests SENSITIVITY TESTS
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TESTS OF EXPLOSIVE POWER AND BRISAN
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BOERHAAVE ON BLACK POWDER 29 Bertho
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BOERHAAVE ON BLACK POWDER 31 powder
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GREEK FIRE 33 And of the last two o
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ROGER BACON 35 only half filled wit
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ROGER BACON 37 large as the human t
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DEVELOPMENT OF BLACK POWDER 39 Deve
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DEVELOPMENT OF BLACK POWDER 41 the
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USES OF BLACK POWDER 43 Potassium n
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MANUFACTURE 45 rings and in other p
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ANALYSIS 47 caded, and is never app
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AMMONPULVER 49 ing is made from sod
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OTHER PROPELLENT EXPLOSIVES 51 toge
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PYROTECHNIC MIXTURES 53 colors. His
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PYROTECHNIC MIXTURES 55 composition
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PYROTECHNIC MIXTURES 57 and moisten
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PYROTECHNIC MIXTURES 59 chloride is
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PYROTECHNIC MIXTURES 61 positions w
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COLORED LIGHTS 63 flares during the
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Potassium chlorate Strontium nitrat
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Barium nitrate Potassium nitrate Po
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LANCES 69 minute with an illuminati
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PICRATE COMPOSITIONS 71 To be burne
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ROCKETS 73 is used in whistling fir
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ROCKETS 75 one ounce and a half. It
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ROCKETS 77 which handle a gross of
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Roman Candles ROMAN CANDLES 79 Roma
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STARS 81 the space between the star
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STARS 83 4-ply manila paper tubing,
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STARS 85 YVeingart 31 reports compo
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STARS 87 powder mixture, given a ye
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GERBS 89 Gerbs Gerbs produce jets o
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WHEELS 91 denly with a terrifying r
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PINWHEELS 93 Pinwheels To make pinw
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PINWHLELS 95 need of a vast theater
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MINES 97 match or fire wick), for t
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COMETS AND METEORS 99 an electric o
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BOMBSHELLS 101 the short pieces sep
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BOMBSHELLS 103 is folded, rubbed, a
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TOY CAPS 105 "It is to be noted," h
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JAPANESE TORPEDOES 107 minate but w
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RAILWAY TORPEDOES 109 hardens it),
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CHINESE FIRECRACKERS 111 English Cr
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CHINESE FIRECRACKERS 113 carrying o
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CHINESE FIRECRACKERS 115 struck a s
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SPARKLERS 117 is shaped by a motion
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PHARAOH'S SERPENTS 119 Wire Dips an
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BLACK NON-MERCURY SNAKES 121 pellet
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Potassium chlorate Lactose Paranitr
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CHAPTER IV AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS
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EFFECT OF GROUPS ON FURTHER SUBSTIT
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UTILIZATION OF COAL TAR 129 the nuc
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UTILIZATION OF COAL TAR 131 In each
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MONO- AND DI-NITROBENZENE 133 Trini
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TRINITROBENZENE 135 powder, 250 lit
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TRINITROBENZENE 137 + CHsONo H. ,OC
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TRINITROBENZENE 139 According to Da
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TRINITROTOLUENE 141 not yet been de
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TRINITROTOLUENE 143 ?mall amount, p
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TRINITROTOLUENE 145 with a correspo
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TRINITROTOLUENE 14? The soluble sul
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TRINITROTOLUENE 149 cent free SOa)
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TRINITROTOLUENE 151 CH, NO, " ~" a
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TRIXITROXYLENE 153 Dautriche found
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NITRO DERIVATIVES OF NAPHTHALENE I5
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NITRO DERIVATIVES OF NAPHTHALENE 15
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PICRIC ACID 159 of biphenyl. The mo
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PICRIC ACID 161 dinitrophenol as re
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PICRIC ACID 163 a yellow nitropheno
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PICRIC ACID 165 below have been pub
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AMMONIUM PICRATE 167 80° and 90°
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TR1NITR0ANIS0L AND TRINITROPHENETOL
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TRINITROANISOL AND TRINITROPHENETOL
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TETRANITROANILINE 173 Both trinitro
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TETRYL 175 TNA shows about the same
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TETRYL 177 All the above-indicated
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TETRYL 179 m-nitrotetryl is effecti
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TETRYL 181 The solubility of tetryl
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BUTYL TETRYL 183 MINIMUM CHARGE FOB
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HEXANITRODIPHENYLAMINE 185 Carter 1
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HEXANITRODIPHENYL SULFONE 187 pound
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HEXANITROAZOBENZENE 189 nitrocarban
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CHAPTER V NITRIC ESTERS Nitric este
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METHYL NITRATE 193 sion of 24.5 mm.
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NITROGLYCERIN 195 blasting cap will
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NITROGLYCERIN 197 are evolved, but
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NITROGLYCERIN 199 than half its own
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NITROGLYCERIN 201 Thus, if 100 gram
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NITROGLYCERIN 203 quickly into a dr
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NITROGLYCERIN 205 "boils" strongly.
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NITROGLYCERIN 207 because the boili
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NITROGLYCERIN 209 the temperature r
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NITROGIA'CERIN 211 velocities of de
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NITROGLYCERIN 213 material in safet
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DINITROGLYCERIN 215 cerin. It mixes
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DINITROGLYCERIN 217 Both of the din
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NITROGLYCIDE 219 oxide ring, and mo
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DINITROCHLOROHYDRIN 221 can be froz
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NITROGLYCOL 223 amount is necessary
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NITROGLYCOL 225 portions with water
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TRINITROPHENOXYETHYL NITRATE 227 me
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PENTRYL 229 Another portion of the
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PENTRYL 231 tetryl by one of 27.5 c
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TRIMETHYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE 233 i
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Butylene Glycol Dinitrate NITROERYT
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NITROMANNITE 23? While its stabilit
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NITRATED SUGAR MIXTURES 239 fact th
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NITROLACTOSE 241 Nitroglucose (d-Gl
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OTHER NITROSUGARS 243 readily solub
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EARLY HISTORY OF NITRATED CARBOHYDR
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NITROCELLULOSE 257 The two substanc
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NITROCELLULOSE 259 dre B. Either CP
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NITROCELLULOSE 261 nent materials w
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NltfROCELLULOSE 263 The pulped fibe
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NITROCELLULOSE 265 cellulose with g
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DURATION AT 1st period 2nd period 3
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DETERMINATION OF NITROGEN 269 upon
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DETERMINATION OF NITROGEN 271 actio
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NITROSTARCH 273 At the beginning of
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NJTROSTARCH 275 the contents of the
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UTILIZATION OF FORMALDEHYDE 277 cat
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PENTAERYTHRITE TETRANITRATE 279 ery
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DIPENTAERYTHRITE HEXANITRATE 281 ni
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TRIMETHYLOLNITROMETHANE TRINITRATE
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NITROPENTANONE AND RELATED SUBSTANC
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CHAPTER VI SMOKELESS POWDER An acco
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BULK POWDER 289 was called E C. pow
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BULK POWDER 291 FIGURE 71. Sweetie
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EARLY HISTORY OF COLLOIDED POWDERS
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EARLY HISTORY OF COLLOIDED POWDERS
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COLLOIDED NITROCELLULOSE POWDERS 29
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MANUFACTURE OF SINGLE-BASE POWDER 2
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STABILIZERS 307 Stabilizers The spo
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STABILIZERS 309 stable as those con
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TRANSFORMATIONS DURING AGING OF POW
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ABSORPTION OF MOISTURE 313 ence is
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ABSORPTION OF MOISTURE 315 ences. E
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CONTROL OF RATE OF BURNING 317 GAIN
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CONTROL OF RATE OF BURNING 319 Prog
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GELATINIZING AGENTS 321 but very li
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FLASHLESS CHARGES AND FLASHLESS POW
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BALL-GRAIN POWDER 329 in the presen
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CHAPTER VII DYNAMITE AND OTHER HIGH
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INVENTION OF DYNAMITE 333 The next
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INVENTION OF AMMONIUM NITRATE EXPLO
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GUHR DYNAMITE 337 which is practica
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STRAIGHT DYNAMITE 339 but "40% ammo
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STRAIGHT DYNAMITE 341 Munroe and Ha
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BLASTING GELATIN 343 of nitroglycer
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GELATIN DYNAMITE 345 night, and the
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PERMISSIBLE EXPLOSIVES 347 that one
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PERMISSIBLE EXPLOSIVES 349 many cla
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PERMISSIBLE EXPLOSIVES 351 The Fren
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Nitroglycenn Potassium nitrate Sodi
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LIQUID OXYGEN EXPLOSIVES 355 The Pr
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CHLORATE AND PERCHLORATE EXPLOSIVES
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AMMONIUM NITRATE MILITARY EXPLOSIVE
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CHAPTER VIII NITROAMINES AND RELATE
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METHYLNITRAMINE 371 Methylnitramine
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NITROUREA 373 filled with a strong
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GUANIDINE NITRATE 375 Guanidine or
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GUANIDINE NITRATE 377 The cyanamide
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GUANIDINE NITRATE 379 only one mole
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NITROGUANIDINE 381 been found, as d
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NITROGUANIDINE 333 mixture, is trea
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NITROGUANIDINE 385 A solution of ni
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NITROGUANIDINE 387 Nitroguanidine,
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NITROGUANIDINE 389 material "firmly
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NITROSOGUANIDINE 391 stant volume o
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ETHYLENEDINITRAMINE 393 rial which
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DINITRODIMETHYLSULFAMIDE 395 gives
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CVCLOTRIMETHVLENETRINITRAMINE 397 r
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CYCLOTRIMETHYLENETRINITRAMINE 399 r
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DISCOVERY OF FULMINATING COMPOUNDS
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DISCOVERY OF FULMINATING COMPOUNDS
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MERCURY FULMINATE 405 cold anvil an
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MERCURY FULMINATE 407 water, filter
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MERCURY FULMINATE 409 HgSA + NaCN +
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MERCURY FULMINATE 411 mented with s
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DETONATORS 413 Amusements with Fulm
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DETONATORS 415 characters of the ch
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DETONATORS 417 potassium chlorate.
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DETONATORS 419 in the amount of san
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TESTING OF DETONATORS 421 pressed.
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TESTING OF DETONATORS 423 later rec
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LEAD AZIDE 425 used; the azide is e
Page 427 and 428: LEAD AZIDE 427 the interaction of h
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Page 433 and 434: CYANURIC TRIAZIDE 433 The best resu
Page 435 and 436: EXPLOSIVE Cyanuric triazide Lead az
Page 437 and 438: TRINITROTRIAZIDOBENZENE 437 purifie
Page 439 and 440: NITROGEN SULFIDE 439 acid, sulfur d
Page 441 and 442: DIAZONIUM SALTS 441 A 0.05-gram sam
Page 443 and 444: DIAZODINITROPHENOL 443 Preparation
Page 445 and 446: DIAZODINITROPHENOL 445 alcohol 2.43
Page 447 and 448: TETRACENE 447 its structure. It is
Page 449 and 450: TETRACENE 449 Preparation 0} Tetrac
Page 451 and 452: HEXAMETHYLENETRIPEROXIDEDIAMINE 451
Page 453 and 454: FRICTION PRIMERS 453 which had been
Page 455 and 456: PERCUSSION PRIMERS 455 or with wate
Page 457 and 458: PERCUSSION PRIMERS 457 is safest to
Page 459 and 460: Aaronson, 158, 226 Abel, 42, 194, 2
Page 461 and 462: Ge, 241 Geschwind, 151 Gibson, 127,
Page 463 and 464: Pliny, 35 Prentice and Co., 253 Pre
Page 465 and 466: INDEX OF SUBJECTS Alkylnitroguanidi
Page 467 and 468: Ballistite, attenuated, 259 erosive
Page 469 and 470: Carbon tetrabromide, 375 Carbon tet
Page 471 and 472: Dehydrating press, 299, 300, 302 De
Page 473 and 474: Ether, solvent, 135, 152, 169, 181,
Page 475 and 476: Gold, fulminating, 3, 400, 401 Gold
Page 477: K KI starch test, 268, 285 Kekule o
Page 481 and 482: Nitromaltose, 240, 241 Nitromannite
Page 483 and 484: Picric acid, Trauzl test, 211, 231
Page 485 and 486: Salt, common (sodium chloride), 60,
Page 487 and 488: Strength of dynamite, 338, 339, 341
Page 489 and 490: Trinitrobenzene, sensitivity to imp
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