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Fig. 3.8. T otal num ber of vi able s eeds a nd bi omass pe r pl ot a gainst N C pe rcentage i n pl ot border and center i n t he f irst experiment ( left column) a nd t he s econd e xperiment ( right column). Vertical bars denote mean SE. .............................................................................. 124 Fig. 3.9. Biomass, seed weight and number and reproductive allocation of transgenic trBC2 and non -transgenic nt rBC2 a ccording t o t he pr oportion of t rBC2 under non -insect p ressure (left c olumn) a nd pr esence of i nsects ( right column). S mooth l ines w ere a dded i n t he c ase there was no insect, while the P values of linear regressions are given at left side for ntrBC2 and at right side for trBC2 in the case of insect pressure. ..................................................... 139 Fig. 3.10. Population production of both ntrBC2and trBC2 per c age (mean value and stand error) in pure or mixture cages under insect or non-insect pressure ..................................... 140 Fig. 4.1. Four r egions where w ild r adish s ampled: B T, B retagne; BG, B ourgogne; D M, Denmark; NM, Normandy .................................................................................................... 162 Fig .4.2. S iliques photos from four regions: BT, Bretagne; BG, Bourgogne; DM, Denmark; NM, Normandy ..................................................................................................................... 163 Fig. 4.3. Flower phot os s howing pe tal c olors a nd pa tterns: A , w hite a nd l ong; B , pa le a nd round; C, yellow and long; D, intense yellow and round ...................................................... 164 Fig. 4.4. M ean and standard error (vertical bars) of article and constriction diameter, article number and length per silique, silique length and weight, beak length and mean article weight of w ild ra dish fro m fo ur re gions; d ifferent l etters i ndicate s ignificant d ifference at P
Fig. 4.7. Mean and standard error (vertical bars) of eight plant characteristics of wild radish from four regions planted in oilseed rape field; different letters indicate significant difference at P
Page 1 and 2: UNIVERSITE DE BOURGOGNE THÈSE Pour
Page 3 and 4: REMERCIEMENTS My heartfelt thanks g
Page 5 and 6: forming many of the ideas I present
Page 7 and 8: Abstract In the framework of commer
Page 9 and 10: 2.3 A rticle 2: Les r étrocroiseme
Page 11 and 12: Table 3.2. Parameters of linear reg
Page 13: experiment. BC1NS is separated into
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTION GENERALE Dans le cadre
Page 19 and 20: chapitre 1 dressant l’état des c
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE
Page 23 and 24: oilseed rape and B. oleracea is ver
Page 25 and 26: populations is reduced as the dista
Page 27 and 28: into hybrids would affect the morph
Page 29 and 30: Snow e t a l. ( 1999) f ound no f i
Page 31 and 32: 1.5 Consequences of introgression I
Page 33 and 34: more flowers and larger plant size
Page 35 and 36: Moreover, beside the introgression
Page 37 and 38: their parental plants. Moon et al.
Page 39 and 40: 2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 CONDITIO
Page 41 and 42: ARTICLE 1 The effect of seed size o
Page 43 and 44: plant growth was evaluated without
Page 45 and 46: These two experiments were kept wee
Page 47 and 48: interactions were found among the t
Page 49 and 50: 2006) or m ore f it t han their pa
Page 51 and 52: they b ear b eneficial t ransgenes
Page 53 and 54: Diggle PK, Abrahamson NJ, Baker RL
Page 55 and 56: Ramachandran S , B untin G D, A ll
Page 57 and 58: Table 2.2. F -values f rom a f ive-
Page 59 and 60: Days to flowering Biomass Per. of s
Page 61 and 62: 2.3 Article 2: Les rétrocroisement
Page 63 and 64: Photo.2.3. S praying chlorsulfuron
Page 65 and 66:
Introduction In t he f ramework o f
Page 67 and 68:
eceived p ollens f rom wild B. j un
Page 69 and 70:
Statistical analysis Mean values ar
Page 71 and 72:
Characteristics of the backcrosses
Page 73 and 74:
Table 2.7. Mean (±95% CL) of plant
Page 75 and 76:
plants w ith B. napus morphology t
Page 77 and 78:
Productivity of the resistant proge
Page 79 and 80:
References [1] A .A. Snow, D .A. A
Page 81 and 82:
insight into adaptive life-history
Page 83 and 84:
CHAPTER 3 EFFETS DE LA RESISTANCE A
Page 85 and 86:
3.2 A rticle 3 : S imulation d e l
Page 87 and 88:
compétition et le devenir des popu
Page 89 and 90:
difficult to predict. Similarly, it
Page 91 and 92:
Table 3.1: ANOVA results of the eff
Page 93 and 94:
Table 3.2: Parameters of linear reg
Page 95 and 96:
herbivores than when exposed to Bt
Page 97 and 98:
esistant hybrid populations might i
Page 99 and 100:
Letourneau D .K., H agen J .A., 200
Page 101 and 102:
Germination rate 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.
Page 103 and 104:
3.3 Article 4: Compétition entre p
Page 105 and 106:
Introduction The invasion of transg
Page 107 and 108:
Whether a popul ation w ill e volve
Page 109 and 110:
while ensuring that the same ratio
Page 111 and 112:
silique number, seed number, seed w
Page 113 and 114:
Our ga rden e xperiments s howed t
Page 115 and 116:
experiment, harsh growth conditions
Page 117 and 118:
References Agrawal AA. 2004. R esis
Page 119 and 120:
density- dependent c osts of vi ral
Page 121 and 122:
Table 3.5. F values of the analysis
Page 123 and 124:
Table 3.7. Results of Helmert contr
Page 125 and 126:
Fig. 3.4. Examples of experimental
Page 127 and 128:
Flowering date Seed weight Biomass
Page 129 and 130:
No. viable seeds Biomass 50000 4000
Page 131 and 132:
Photo 3.3. Cotton bollworm (Helicov
Page 133 and 134:
Introduction Spontaneous introgress
Page 135 and 136:
screening as transgenic BC2 (trBC2)
Page 137 and 138:
2002), but certain studies showed n
Page 139 and 140:
Acknowledgements We t hank Z hixi T
Page 141 and 142:
92, 368-374. Rieseberg, LH, and Bur
Page 143 and 144:
Table 3.10. F-values of three-way A
Page 145 and 146:
Seed number Biomass 140 120 100 80
Page 147 and 148:
CHAPTER 4 RECHERCHE DES CONSEQUENCE
Page 149 and 150:
Photo 4.1. Wild radish in a herbici
Page 151 and 152:
Introduction Plant divergence is ge
Page 153 and 154:
or t he popul ation of wild r adish
Page 155 and 156:
estimated. All the seeds of every h
Page 157 and 158:
Field experiment Number of siliques
Page 159 and 160:
aphanistrum from hybrids and R. sat
Page 161 and 162:
competition diminished the differen
Page 163 and 164:
Conner, J. K., Rice A. M., Stewart
Page 165 and 166:
Rattenbury J A. 1962. C yclic h ybr
Page 167 and 168:
Fig. 4.1. Four r egions where w ild
Page 169 and 170:
Fig. 4.3. Flower phot os showing pe
Page 171 and 172:
Fig. 4.5. Plot of the first two axe
Page 173 and 174:
Plant weight No. of seeds per plant
Page 175 and 176:
Emergence rate Plant weight No.of a
Page 177 and 178:
CONCLUSION 172
Page 179 and 180:
véritable s uccès ad aptatif d an
Page 181 and 182:
Dans l e cas d es p remières gén
Page 183 and 184:
REFERENCES Abbott RJ, Comes HP.2007
Page 185 and 186:
Bing D J, D owney R K and R akow G
Page 187 and 188:
carinata and Brassica rapa. Plant B
Page 189 and 190:
Hybridisation within Brassica and a
Page 191 and 192:
etween weedy Brassica rapa and oils
Page 193 and 194:
Hybridization between oilseed rape
Page 195 and 196:
Nosil P. 2008. Speciation with gene
Page 197 and 198:
32:305-32 Schadler, M., R. Brandl,
Page 199 and 200:
Thalmann C, Guadagnuolo R, Felber F
Page 201 and 202:
Zheng XM and Ge S. 2010. Ecological
Page 203 and 204:
Therefore, after a review of the st
Page 205 and 206:
more easily sieved out by harvester
Page 207 and 208:
Transgenic F1 produced higher bioma
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