A State-Based Programming Model for Wireless Sensor Networks
A State-Based Programming Model for Wireless Sensor Networks
A State-Based Programming Model for Wireless Sensor Networks
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Contents<br />
1 Introduction 1<br />
1.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1<br />
1.2 Motivation and Problem <strong>State</strong>ment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2<br />
1.3 Thesis <strong>State</strong>ment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3<br />
1.4 Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3<br />
1.4.1 Modular and Well-Structured Design . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<br />
1.4.2 Automated <strong>State</strong> Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<br />
1.4.3 Memory-Efficient <strong>State</strong> Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<br />
1.4.4 Light-Weight Execution Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<br />
1.4.5 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<br />
1.5 Thesis Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<br />
2 <strong>Wireless</strong> <strong>Sensor</strong> <strong>Networks</strong> 7<br />
2.1 WSN Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8<br />
2.1.1 Environmental Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8<br />
2.1.2 Wildlife and Farm-Animal Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . 9<br />
2.1.3 Intelligent Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10<br />
2.1.4 Facility Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10<br />
2.1.5 Logistics and Asset Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11<br />
2.1.6 Military . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11<br />
2.2 WSN Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12<br />
2.2.1 Deployment and Environmental Integration . . . . . . . . 12<br />
2.2.2 Size, Weight, and Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12<br />
2.2.3 Limited Energy Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12<br />
2.2.4 Lifetime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13<br />
2.2.5 Limited Computing Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13<br />
2.2.6 Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14<br />
2.2.7 Back-End Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14<br />
2.2.8 Mobility and Network Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15<br />
2.2.9 Bursty Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15<br />
2.2.10 Dynamic Role Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15<br />
2.2.11 Node Heterogeneity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16<br />
2.3 <strong>Sensor</strong> Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16<br />
2.3.1 Device Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16<br />
2.3.2 <strong>Sensor</strong>-Node Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19<br />
2.3.3 Selected <strong>Sensor</strong>-Node Hardware Plat<strong>for</strong>ms . . . . . . . . . 23<br />
2.4 Embedded Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27<br />
2.4.1 Characteristics of Embedded Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 27<br />
2.4.2 Diversity of Embedded Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
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