LEWIS SMITH LAKE - Auburn University

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Table 10-28. Mean (range) orthophosphate and total phosphorus concentrations measured at each Smith Lake sampling station during the fall (September and October) of 1986 and 1995. Photic zone composite samples were analyzed. PO,-P TP Mainstem (ug!L) (ug!L) Station 1986 1995 1986 1995 6 I 13 II (0-12) (0-1) (4-30) (7-14) 5 5 I 24 12 (0-6) (0-1) (0-50) (10-14) 7 9 I 21 12 (0-18) (0-1) (7-40) (11-12) Embayment Stations 2 0 0 16 8 (0-50) (8-8) 3 9 2 14 10 (0-20) (0-4) (0-30) (8-11) 4 0 I 20 14 (0-1) (0-50) (11-16) 6 6 I 20 10 (0-14) (0-1) (10-30) (8-12) 8 0 II (10-11) 9 I 14 (0-1) (13-14) 93
stratification (Fig. 10-2). During the growing season anaerobic conditions in deeper water were common and phosphorus mobilization from sediment may be a significant source ofphosphorus loading in this lake. Destratification would be required to bring the phosphorus into the photic zone. During the summer growing season of 1995 the ratio oftotal nitrogen (TN) to total phosphorus (TP) at mainstem sampling stations varied from 16 to 58 (Table 10-29). Tributary embayment ratios ranged from 18 to 65. Optimum TN to TP ratios for phytoplankton growth is in the range of II to 16 (Porcella and Cleave 1981). Phytoplankton growth in Smith Lake was phosphorus limited at all locations with the possible exception ofthe most upstream stations 9 and 7. The relatively high NO,-N concentrations found at downstream locations on the mainstem (stations I and 5) and in embayments of Rock and Ryan creeks (stations 3 and 2) are responsible for some ofthe higher TN:TP ratios. Nonpoint sources ofpollution are suspected ofcausing these elevated nitrogen levels. Any increase in bioavailable phosphorus to Smith Lake will likely increase, perhaps dramatically, the algal productivity ofthe lake. In an effort to identify sources ofcontaminants entering Smith Lake, chlorides (Cl') were measured in composite, photic zone samples collected for water quality analysis (Tables 10-1 and 10-3). Chlorides pass through the digestive systems ofanimals unchanged (APRA et al. 1992). Because humans consume relatively large quantities ofsalt (NaCl) (about 6 g ofCl' per person per day) the amount of CI' in municipal sewage is about 15 mgIL higher than the carnage water (Sawyer 1960). Elevated Cl'levels might indicate the presence ofanimal (particularly human) waste introduced from the watershed. Seasonal mean Cl' concentrations were always highest at downstream stations I, 2 and 3 (Tables 10-30, 10-31, 10-32 and 10-33). These same stations usually had the highest seasonal mean NO,-N concentrations (Tables 10-21, 10-22, 10-23 and 10-24). Stations 2 and 3 were embayments of Ryan and Rock creeks, respectively, and station I was the dam forebay (Fig. 10-1). Intensive agricultural operations (e.g. poultry and beef cattle) on the watersheds ofRyan, Rock and Crooked creeks are known sources ofanimal waste (USDA 1991). In 1988, Cullman County led the nation in 94
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LEWIS SMITH LAKE Phase I Diagnostic
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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January 1986 (Bayne et al. 1987). T
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Total alkalinity, the concentration
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found at concentrations ranging fro
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etween 10 and 15 mgIL as CaCO, but
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Table 1-1. Table 1-2. Table 2-1. Ta
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List ofTables (Continued) Table 10-
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List ofTables (Continued) Table 10-
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 8-I. Locatio
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PARTI. DIAGNOSTIC STIJDY 1
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Table I-I. Morphometric characteris
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2.0 BASIN GEOLOGY AND DRAINAGE Smit
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Table 2-1 (Cont'd) Suitability/Limi
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4.0 SIZE AND ECONOMIC STRUCTIJRE OF
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- U. II Table 4-2. Number ofbusines
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I, Table 4-4. Agricultural producti
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7.0 LAKE USE COMPARISON WIlli NEARB
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00 Table 8-1. Actual point source l
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N 0 Table 8-1 (Continued) Actual To
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N N Table 8-1 (Continued) Actual To
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Table 8-1 (Continued) Actual Total
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tv 0- Table 8-2 (Continued) Permitt
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Annual point source total suspended
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Table 9-1. Location oftributary sam
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nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, total a
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highly positively correlated (p < 0
Page 71 and 72: (31.4% and 30.5%, respectively). Ro
Page 73: In 1985, the paucity ofinfonnation
Page 76 and 77: population of 1.15 million. In addi
Page 78 and 79: V> tv Table 10-1. Schedule of activ
Page 80 and 81: ..,. en IN o 2 4 i Miles Figure 10-
Page 82 and 83: sample were poured into Nalgene"' c
Page 84: flows encountered in 1995,428 days.
Page 87 and 88: Table 10-6. Mean (range) temperatur
Page 89: Table 10-8. Mean (range) temperatur
Page 94 and 95: Examination oftemperature, DO and s
Page 96 and 97: Table 10-10. Mean (range) turbidity
Page 98 and 99: Table 10-12. Mean (range) turbidity
Page 100 and 101: Table 10-14. Mean (range) Secchi di
Page 102 and 103: Table 10-16. Mean (range) Secchi di
Page 105 and 106: a low of 7 mgIL to a high of67 mgIL
Page 107 and 108: Table 10-18. Mean (range) pH, total
Page 109 and 110: Table 10-20. Mean (range) pH, total
Page 111 and 112: Table 10·21. Ammonia, nitrite, nit
Page 113 and 114: Table 10-23. Mean (range) ammonia,
Page 115 and 116: in concert with changes in algal bi
Page 117 and 118: Table 10-25. Orthophosphate and tot
Page 119: Table 10-27. Mean (range) orthophos
Page 123: Table 10-30. Chloride, total organi
Page 126 and 127: Table 10-33. Mean (range) chloride,
Page 128 and 129: In August 1986, iron and manganese
Page 130 and 131: 1971). Productivity measured during
Page 132 and 133: Table 10-36. Mean (range) phytoplan
Page 134: Table 10-38. Mean (range) phytoplan
Page 139: Table 10-39. Phytoplankton taxa by
Page 145: (station 2) in the winter to a high
Page 149 and 150: Table 10-41. Mean (range) phytoplan
Page 151 and 152: Table 10-42. Mean maximum dry weigh
Page 153 and 154: Table 10-43. Temporal and spatial v
Page 155 and 156: 11.0 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 11.1 Fish
Page 157 and 158: Table 11-1. Total number, catch per
Page 159 and 160: Table \\-3. Ranking by quality indi
Page 161 and 162: Table 11-5. Checklist of fish speci
Page 163 and 164: Table 11-5 (Continued) Scientific N
Page 165: 11.2 WILDLIFE A checklist ofbirds,
Page 169 and 170: Table 11-7 (Continued) Family Scien
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Table 11-7 (Continued) Family Scien
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PART II. FEASffiILITY STUDY 154
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from Atlanta, Georgia received an a
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An additional source ofnutrients to
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Indirectly, low pH can result in hi
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13. Are there additional feasible a
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Bayne, D. R., W. C. Seesock, P. P.
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Taylor, W.D., S.c. Hem, L.R. Willia
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LEWIS SMITH LAKE - Auburn University

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