LEWIS SMITH LAKE - Auburn University

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PROBLEM: Lake Acidification PRIMARY CAUSES: Low chemical buffering capacity ofSmith Lake waters Mining activities within the basin Acid precipitation Total alkalinity ofwater is a measure ofthe concentration oftitratable bases and is expressed as equivalent calcium carbonate. Carbonate (CO,") and bicarbonate (HCO,') ions in water are responsible for most ofthe total alkalinity measured in waters ofthis region. These ions provide a source ofcarbon for aquatic photosynthesis and serve to raise the pH and chemically buffer the waters to prevent wide fluctuations in pH. Total alkalinity ofnatural waters varies from
Indirectly, low pH can result in higher concentrations ofheavy metals that become toxic to fish and wildlife. At higher hydrogen ion concentrations metals bound in soil and sediment are mobilized to the water where they can be accumulated by the biota (Mayer et al. 1984). In the 1986 Smith Lake study (Bayne et al. 1987) concentrations ofchromium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc exceeded critical levels considered acceptable by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 1986). RECOMMENDATIONS Smith Lake usually met the pH criteria (6.0-8.5) for waters use-classified as fish and wildlife by the Alabama Department ofEnvironmental Management. However, most ofthe water column pH values were
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LEWIS SMITH LAKE Phase I Diagnostic
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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January 1986 (Bayne et al. 1987). T
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Total alkalinity, the concentration
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found at concentrations ranging fro
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etween 10 and 15 mgIL as CaCO, but
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Table 1-1. Table 1-2. Table 2-1. Ta
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List ofTables (Continued) Table 10-
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List ofTables (Continued) Table 10-
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 8-I. Locatio
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PARTI. DIAGNOSTIC STIJDY 1
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Table I-I. Morphometric characteris
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2.0 BASIN GEOLOGY AND DRAINAGE Smit
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Table 2-1 (Cont'd) Suitability/Limi
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4.0 SIZE AND ECONOMIC STRUCTIJRE OF
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- U. II Table 4-2. Number ofbusines
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I, Table 4-4. Agricultural producti
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7.0 LAKE USE COMPARISON WIlli NEARB
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00 Table 8-1. Actual point source l
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N 0 Table 8-1 (Continued) Actual To
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N N Table 8-1 (Continued) Actual To
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Table 8-1 (Continued) Actual Total
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tv 0- Table 8-2 (Continued) Permitt
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Annual point source total suspended
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Table 9-1. Location oftributary sam
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nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, total a
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highly positively correlated (p < 0
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(31.4% and 30.5%, respectively). Ro
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In 1985, the paucity ofinfonnation
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population of 1.15 million. In addi
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V> tv Table 10-1. Schedule of activ
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..,. en IN o 2 4 i Miles Figure 10-
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sample were poured into Nalgene"' c
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flows encountered in 1995,428 days.
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Table 10-6. Mean (range) temperatur
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Table 10-8. Mean (range) temperatur
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Examination oftemperature, DO and s
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Table 10-10. Mean (range) turbidity
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Table 10-12. Mean (range) turbidity
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Table 10-14. Mean (range) Secchi di
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Table 10-16. Mean (range) Secchi di
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a low of 7 mgIL to a high of67 mgIL
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Table 10-18. Mean (range) pH, total
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Table 10-20. Mean (range) pH, total
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Table 10·21. Ammonia, nitrite, nit
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Table 10-23. Mean (range) ammonia,
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in concert with changes in algal bi
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Table 10-25. Orthophosphate and tot
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Table 10-27. Mean (range) orthophos
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stratification (Fig. 10-2). During
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Table 10-30. Chloride, total organi
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Table 10-33. Mean (range) chloride,
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In August 1986, iron and manganese
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1971). Productivity measured during
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Table 10-36. Mean (range) phytoplan
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Table 10-38. Mean (range) phytoplan
Page 139: Table 10-39. Phytoplankton taxa by
Page 145: (station 2) in the winter to a high
Page 149 and 150: Table 10-41. Mean (range) phytoplan
Page 151 and 152: Table 10-42. Mean maximum dry weigh
Page 153 and 154: Table 10-43. Temporal and spatial v
Page 155 and 156: 11.0 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 11.1 Fish
Page 157 and 158: Table 11-1. Total number, catch per
Page 159 and 160: Table \\-3. Ranking by quality indi
Page 161 and 162: Table 11-5. Checklist of fish speci
Page 163 and 164: Table 11-5 (Continued) Scientific N
Page 165: 11.2 WILDLIFE A checklist ofbirds,
Page 169 and 170: Table 11-7 (Continued) Family Scien
Page 174: Table 11-7 (Continued) Family Scien
Page 181 and 182: PART II. FEASffiILITY STUDY 154
Page 183 and 184: from Atlanta, Georgia received an a
Page 185: An additional source ofnutrients to
Page 189 and 190: 13. Are there additional feasible a
Page 191 and 192: Bayne, D. R., W. C. Seesock, P. P.
Page 193: Taylor, W.D., S.c. Hem, L.R. Willia
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LEWIS SMITH LAKE - Auburn University

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