Who earns minimum wages in Europe - European Trade Union ...

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work hours do not exceed 35 hours. Again, we observe a clear difference between the two sub-populations in all countries. In particular, the group of minimum earners stands out as containing: — a considerably higher share of employees with temporary work contracts; — a higher share of part time employment than the sub-population with higher wages. In light of cross-country variations in terms of the average age, education, contract type etc among the countries in our sample, it is not straightforward to assess the overall relationship between a particular individual or job characteristic and the probability of being paid at the minimum wage. One way to compute such probabilities is to estimate a logistic model in which the likelihood of being paid the minimum wage is explained with the set variables shown in Table 4. This procedure allows to gauge the effect of each of the variables as a conditional probability while holding the other variables constant. The results of a logistic regression are presented in Section 3.3. Table 4 Individual characteristics of employees below and above minimum wages (2007) Individual wage Educational attainment TYPE I COUNTRIES Bulgaria Hungary Ireland Poland Romania Spain United Kingdom TYPE II COUNTRIES Belgium Germany MW 40.8 (11.7) 40.2 (10.8) 39.8 (12.5) 39.5 (11.1) 39.4 (10.1) 39.5 (10.7) 41.4 (12.1) 41.0 (10.1) 43.0 (10.6) MW 46.4 (49.9) 46.8 (50.0) 49.9 (50.0) 46.4 (49.9) 42.7 (49.5) 43.4 (50.0) 50.4 (50.0) 52.1 (50.0) 44.9 (49.7) 1 41.4 30.6 35.6 15.2 30.6 55.5 23.5 29.1 21.7 2 54.2 66.9 52.3 77.6 66.3 20.7 61.8 41.5 68.3 Who earns minimum wages in Europe ? Distribution of employees according to educational attainment (ISCED) MW Notes 1 MW are the (differentiated) national minimum wages in Type I countries and sector minimum wages in Type II countries 2 Standard errors are in parenthesis 3 4.4 2.6 12.2 7.2 3.1 23.8 14.7 29.4 10.1 1 15.1 11.4 22.5 5.7 10.6 35.9 9.4 16.8 9.0 2 62.3 64.1 36.5 66.9 69.1 25.1 54.4 38.4 56.1 Report 124 3 22.6 24.5 41.0 27.4 20.3 39.0 36.2 44.8 34.9 37
Bulgaria Hungary Ireland Poland Romania Spain United Kingdom Belgium Germany François Rycx and Stephan Kampelmann Table 5 Job characteristics of employees below and above minimum wages (2007) TYPE I COUNTRIES TYPE II COUNTRIES Share of employees with temporary work contracts MW 5.8 (23.5) 8.2 (27.4) 7.1 (25.6) 23.7 (42.5) 2.6 (16.0) 24.4 (42.9) NA 6.7 (25.0) 8.6 (28.0) Share of employees working part time MW 4.1 (19.8) 3.9 (19.2) 33.1 (47.1) 10.0 (30.0) 1.2 (10.8) 13.2 (33.9) 25.1 (43.4) 26.4 (44.1) 19.3 (39.4)
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Page 3 and 4: Brussels, 2012 © Publisher: ETUI a
Page 6 and 7: Executive summary Context and objec
Page 8 and 9: Who earns minimum wages in Europe ?
Page 10 and 11: Main findings Who earns minimum wag
Page 12: Table a Level of minimum wages, sha
Page 15 and 16: François Rycx and Stephan Kampelma
Page 17 and 18: 2. The study of minimum wages: stat
Page 27 and 28: 3. Minimum wages in Europe: empiric
Page 29 and 30: Table 2 Characteristics of minimum
Page 37: François Rycx and Stephan Kampelma
Page 47 and 48: Explanatory variables Temporary wor
Page 49 and 50: 4. Summary and suggestions for furt
Page 55 and 56: B. Levels of minimum wages and shar
Page 57 and 58: Table B.3 Germany Kaitz index Propo
Page 59 and 60: Table B.5 Hungary Proportion of min
Page 61 and 62: Table B.7 Poland Proportion of mini
Page 63 and 64: Table B.9 United Kingdom Proportion

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