Hydro in Europe: Powering Renewables - Full Report - Eurelectric

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2. THE EUROPEAN HYDROPOWER LANDSCAPE: FACTS AND FIGURES 2.1. Hydropower’s current role in the European electricity sector Hydropower is the major renewable generation technology in Europe today. It delivers storage capacity and stabilising services for the power system which are crucial for a high security of supply of electricity. The following chapter provides an overview on data, which are missing today on a European scale. The enquiry taken out by EURELECTRIC has to be considered as a somewhat pioneer work, and at once as work in progress. 2 Hydropower accounts for 16% in the overall electricity generation portfolio in EURELECTRIC Europe (Fig. 1). 10 Fig. 1 Structure of electricity generation in EURELECTRIC Europe, 2009 Source: EURELECTRIC 2010 In Europe, hydropower is the main renewable electricity generation source (69%), followed by wind (15%), primary solid biomass (7%), municipal waste (4%), biogas (3%), solar (1%) and geothermal (1%) power generation. 3 The role of hydropower within the different national electricity generation portfolios varies greatly according to geographic conditions, climate, precipitation patterns, the availability of affordable energy supply alternatives, as well as institutional capacities and technical competences. Some countries have abundant water resources which they use almost exclusively for their domestic electricity generation (e.g. Norway, Albania). Other countries do not have the required natural conditions and thus have very little or practically no hydropower production or potential (e.g. Denmark, Belgium, The Netherlands). In 2009 hydropower generation accounted for 338 TWh in the EU-27 and 553 TWh in EURELECTRIC Europe 4 . Hydropower generation by country is shown in Figure 2. 2 EURELECTRIC is glad for comments which will be checked and taken into account if justified for updates 3 International Energy Agency, 2008a 4 EURELECTRIC Europe refers to EURELECTRIC’s European members: EU member states Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands, the UK, plus Croatia, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Turkey.
Actual generation in 2009, TWh 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Cyprus Malta Denmark Estonia Netherlands Hungary Luxembourg Lithuania Ireland Belgium Czech Republic Poland Fig. 2 Electricity generated by hydropower in EURELECTRIC Europe, TWh, 2009 Source: Own calculations, based on 2010 World Atlas & Industry Guide. 5 11 Latvia Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Greece Croatia UK Portugal Iceland Finland Romania Spain Germany Turkey Switzerland Austria Italy France Sweden Norway Non-EU members Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Serbia and Ukraine also have hydropower industry and thus bring an additional 37 TWh of hydropower generation into the picture. 6 According to the various national hydropower inventories 7 , total installed hydropower capacity is 136 GW in the EU-27, with an additional 62 GW in Norway, Switzerland, Turkey, Croatia and Iceland combined. Thus, hydropower represents around 17% of the total installed capacity in the EU-27 and 20% in EURELECTRIC Europe (Fig. 3). 5 World Atlas & Industry Guide 2010 6 ibid. pp. 16 - 17 7 ibid. pp. 16 - 17 Fig. 3 Structure of installed electricity generation capacity in EURELECTRIC Europe, 2009 Source EURELECTRIC 2010
Page 1 and 2: Hydro in Europe: Powering Renewable
Page 3 and 4: The Union of the Electricity Indust
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION..
Page 7 and 8: 1. INTRODUCTION Hydropower is a mat
Page 9: Chapter 3 outlines the basic charac
Page 13 and 14: Currently installed pumped storage
Page 15 and 16: 2.3. Pumped storage as the battery
Page 17 and 18: GWh 10000 1000 100 10 1 1 2 4 6 7 8
Page 19 and 20: limited capacities and are often di
Page 21 and 22: of this chapter, make this work wor
Page 23 and 24: output increases every morning and
Page 25 and 26: plants are designed to use either a
Page 27 and 28: There are two types of storage hydr
Page 29 and 30: Fig. 13 Illustration of the operati
Page 31 and 32: Pumped storage facilities work as a
Page 33 and 34: Table 4 highlights some advantages
Page 35 and 36: the NORDEL system and to connection
Page 37 and 38: - controlling reactive power motion
Page 39 and 40: Even though the permit process fore
Page 41 and 42: over 50 valleys along the west coas
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 15: Hydropower in the power ge
Page 45 and 46: Fig. 17 Greenhouse Gas Emissions pe
Page 47 and 48: BOX 1 - FRANCE - A HYDROPOWER PROJE
Page 49 and 50: The long life span of a hydro plant
Page 51 and 52: Plans (NREAPs), drawn by the member
Page 53 and 54: and for the development of strategi
Page 55 and 56: o share existing communication mate
Page 57 and 58: As a mature technology, pumped stor
Page 59 and 60: 5. Hydropower is the only large-sca
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More must be done NOW to fully expl
Page 63 and 64:
Glossary Ancillary services Service
Page 65 and 66:
Annex 1 Methodological consideratio
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