Hydro in Europe: Powering Renewables - Full Report - Eurelectric

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Voltage support Spinning reserve Hydropower’s fast response ability makes it especially valuable in covering steep load gradients (ramp rates) through its fast load-following. Hydropower plants have the ability to control reactive power, thereby ensuring that power will flow from generation to load. They also contribute to maintaining voltage through injecting or absorbing reactive power by means of synchronous or static compensation. Hydropower supports the dynamic behaviour of the grid operation. Hydropower plants can provide spinning reserve – additional power supply that can be made available to the transmission system within a few seconds in case of unexpected load changes in the grid. Hydropower units have a broad band of operations and normally operate at 60-80% of maximum power. This results in spinning reserve of up to 100%. Table 3 Ancillary services that storage hydropower plants can provide. Source: EURELECTRIC 2011 3.3 Hydropower as the flexibility tool Not all electricity generating technologies have the same technical flexibility when it comes to balancing demand fluctuations or providing back-up capacity for v-RES. Although all generation technologies participate in balancing, hydropower stands out with important benefits compared to other generation technologies. Hydropower plants may, depending on their design, provide electricity for base load and/or peak load. They are particularly valuable for meeting peak demand situations, as they are more responsive than other generation sources and can be started or stopped within a very short time. Hydropower units are also able to rapidly increase or decrease their output – at least 10 times faster than conventional power plants. 32
Table 4 highlights some advantages of pumped storage power plants. Start-up time cold Start-up time warm Load gradient increase nominal output Load gradient decrease nominal output Nuclear Power Plants Hard coal fuelled power plants 33 Lignite fuelled power plants Combinedcycle gas power plants Pumped storage power plants ~ 40 hours ~ 6 hours ~ 10 hours < 2 hours ~ 0,1 hours ~ 40 hours ~ 3 hours ~ 6 hours < 1,5 hours ~ 0,1 hours ~ 5% per minute ~ 5% per minute ~ 2% per minute ~ 2% per minute ~ 2% per minute ~ 2% per minute Table 4 Flexibility of different power generation technologies Source: VGB/EURELECTRIC33 ~ 4% per minute ~ 4% per minute > 40% per minute > 40% per minute 3.4 Case studies illustrating flexibility This section illustrates the flexibility of hydropower with summaries of concrete case studies. The cases are discussed more extensively in the annexes. The selected cases are: 1. Hydropower in the Nordic power system (Annex 1) 2. Offsetting the black-out of 4 November 2006: hydropower’s contribution (Annex 2) 3. Pumped storage for integration of v-RES in Germany (Annex 3) 4. The Polish Zarnowiec hydropower plant’s contribution to system stability (Annex 4) 5. Norway’s important storage capacity and potential (Annex 5) 6. The operational evolution of pumped storage operation in Switzerland (Annex 6) 7. Hydropower in Austria: e=H2O 34 (Annex 7) 8. Implementation of the EU WFD: challenges for hydropower in the Weser river basin in the Northern Germany (Annex 8) 9. Wind Power and Hydro Storage in Ireland (Annex 9) 33 VGB/EURELECTRIC study on technical flexibilities of power plants. Full analysis in the upcoming EURELECTRIC report on requirements for flexible and back-up capacities 34 Energy is water
Page 1 and 2: Hydro in Europe: Powering Renewable
Page 3 and 4: The Union of the Electricity Indust
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION..
Page 7 and 8: 1. INTRODUCTION Hydropower is a mat
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 3 outlines the basic charac
Page 11 and 12: Actual generation in 2009, TWh 140
Page 13 and 14: Currently installed pumped storage
Page 15 and 16: 2.3. Pumped storage as the battery
Page 17 and 18: GWh 10000 1000 100 10 1 1 2 4 6 7 8
Page 19 and 20: limited capacities and are often di
Page 21 and 22: of this chapter, make this work wor
Page 23 and 24: output increases every morning and
Page 25 and 26: plants are designed to use either a
Page 27 and 28: There are two types of storage hydr
Page 29 and 30: Fig. 13 Illustration of the operati
Page 31: Pumped storage facilities work as a
Page 35 and 36: the NORDEL system and to connection
Page 37 and 38: - controlling reactive power motion
Page 39 and 40: Even though the permit process fore
Page 41 and 42: over 50 valleys along the west coas
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 15: Hydropower in the power ge
Page 45 and 46: Fig. 17 Greenhouse Gas Emissions pe
Page 47 and 48: BOX 1 - FRANCE - A HYDROPOWER PROJE
Page 49 and 50: The long life span of a hydro plant
Page 51 and 52: Plans (NREAPs), drawn by the member
Page 53 and 54: and for the development of strategi
Page 55 and 56: o share existing communication mate
Page 57 and 58: As a mature technology, pumped stor
Page 59 and 60: 5. Hydropower is the only large-sca
Page 61 and 62: More must be done NOW to fully expl
Page 63 and 64: Glossary Ancillary services Service
Page 65 and 66: Annex 1 Methodological consideratio

Hydro in Europe: Powering Renewables - Full Report - Eurelectric

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